formed the study group. The women who escaped death due to medical or surgical interventions were categorized as Near Miss. These cases were defined based on WHO Criteria 2009.Results: There were 2424 births during this year and 33 were near miss cases. The bulk of these were directly admitted to our hospital (23 cases). The most common condition leading to this dreadful condition was hemorrhage, acute severe hypertensive disorder (preeclampsia/eclampsia) and sepsis. Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation was found to be the most common organ dysfunction. Emergency hysterectomy was the most frequent surgical intervention used to prevent mortality. Conclusion:Maternal Near Miss review is a viable review as it has potential to highlight the deficiency as well as positive elements of obstetric services in any health system. Hemorrhage followed by hypertensive disorders are the leading causes of near miss events.
REsEaRCH aBstRaCtBackground: To study the prevalence of various type of breast lesions in a tertiary care centre.Methods : The period of study was one year , from 1 st January 2015 to 31 st December 2015. Patients with breast lesions who came to department of pathology for Fine needle aspiration cytology were included in the study. There were 55 patients who came to the department for Fine needle aspiration cytology during one year period. Information pertaining to patients were taken from the medical record section and department of pathology of National medical college.Results: Out of 55 cases 17 patients (9.35%) were diagnosed with fibroadenosis, which was the highest followed by fibroadenoma (12 cases-6.6%) . Ductal hyperplasia was the least diagnosed disorder which was seen in only one patient (0.5%).Carcinoma of breast was diagnosed in three patients (1.65%).There were three (1.65%) male patients with breast lesions who were diagnosed with gynaecomastia. Conclusion:This study revealed that fibroadenosis was the most common disorder among the patients who came for fine needle aspiration cytology of the breast.
Background: Free radicals are reactive oxygen species which cause lipid peroxidation precipitating many metabolic diseases including Diabetes Mellitus. However, these free radicals are quenched by substances known as antioxidants like vitamin C, vitamin E and several other compounds. Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status were investigated in patients with Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes mellitus-Pokhara, Nepal. Methods:The extent of lipid peroxidation was assessed by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and the antioxidant parameter estimations were total antioxidant activity, Vitamin C and Vitamin E assessed in Type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus patients along with matched healthy counterparts. results:The lipid peroxidation was increased in male Type 1 and 2 diabetic patients whereas female group showed decreased level as compared to its healthy counterparts. Similarly, the total antioxidant activity was found to be decreased in the diabetic group. The lipid peroxidation parameter and antioxidant status were statistically significant at p< 0.05. Conclusion:Oxidative stress and antioxidant status varied in male and female patients suffering from diabetes either Type 1 or Type 2. Apart from gender basis of evaluating oxidative stress, variables based on diet, habitat, socioeconomic status, education, etc. can also be considered.
Oligohydramnios is a threatening condition to fetal health and is associated with increased fetal morbidity. These conditions are often missed and patient may not seek appropriate treatment at appropriate time that often increases risk of numerous conditions. Early detection of oligohydramnios and its management may help in reduction of perinatal morbidity and mortality one side and decreased caesarean deliveries on the other side.A search in Google scholar, PubMed, Medline, EMBASE was performed using key words. Inclusion criteria for articles selection were singleton pregnancy, definition of olgohydramnios as AFI <5 cm, AF assessment at 37-42 gestational weeks. The searched revealed numerous research articles which is further refined. It is found that oligohydramnios is associated with Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR), small for gestational age (SGA), prolonged labour, caesarian section (C/S) for fetal distress (FD), meconium stained liquor, Low Apgar score and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) admission.Women with oligohydramnios are associated with higher fetal risk but can expect a safe delivery and good outcome for which proper fetal surveillance and regular Antenatal care (ANC) visits are required.
The development of the respiratory system starts at 3 weeks of gestation, and aberrations in developmental processes may result in structural abnormalities collectively referred to as bronchopulmonary foregut malformations. These lesions include congenital cystic adenomatoid malformations (CCAMs), sequestrations and infantile lobar emphysema. Case presented is of right lung CCAM diagnosed at 23 weeks of gestation, followed during antenatal periods for complications, delivered at 39 weeks, planned thoracotomy with lobectomy done on 3 rd day of life and followed up till 1 year.Detailed anomaly scan and close monitoring for structural abnormalities of fetus is needed for appropriate management. Relationship of CPAM with early pregnancy severe infections remains to be established.
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