HighlightsHigh LET and high RBE of carbon ion made it a promising tool for treating pancreatic cancers.Dose averaged LET minimum within the GTV is significantly associated with local control.Outcome of CIRT in pancreatic cancers can be improved by modulating dose averaged LET within the GTV.

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Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is highly radio- and chemosensitive tumor with its unique clinical and biological behavior. Treatment of stage I disease is radical radiotherapy alone. For stage II disease treatment is radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy. The standard of care for locally advanced nasopharyngeal cancer (stages III-IVB) is concurrent chemoradiation. Optimum timing and sequence of chemotherapy are not yet well-defined. The role of adjuvant and induction chemotherapy is debatable. Here we are going to highlight the role of chemotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, its benefit, and controversies regarding timing and sequences.

Background:Introduction of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) has dramatically changed the management of locally advanced breast cancer (LABC). However, very few randomized trials of NACT have been carried out specifically in LABC patients in our country. In this retrospective analysis, we presented our experience with NACT in LABC patients.Materials and Methods:Medical records of 148 patients of stage III LABC patients treated with NACT, followed by surgery and radiotherapy from January 2006 to December 2010 were reviewed. Clinical and pathological responses to different chemotherapy regimens were assessed according to World Health Organization criteria. Various factors influencing response to NACT and clinical outcome were identified and analyzed.Results:A total of 90 (60.8%) patients received anthracycline-based chemotherapy and 52 (35.1%) patients received mixed anthracycline and taxane-based chemotherapy.119 patients (80.4%) responded to NACT either in the form of complete or partial response (PR). Complete response was seen in 27 (18.2%) patients and 92 (62.2%) patients showed PR after NACT. Pathological complete response was seen in 24 (16.2%) patients-. At a median follow-up period of 44 months 36 patients (24.3%) developed relapse of which six patients developed locoregional recurrence, while 28 (18.9%) patients developed distant metastasis. Nodal status, response to chemotherapy, pathological tumor size <3 cm and extracapsular extension (ECE) came out to be important prognostic factors in this study.Conclusion:Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is a reasonable alternative to upfront surgery in the management of LABC. Clinicopathological variables such as nodal status, response to chemotherapy, pathological tumor size and presence of ECE had significant impact on disease free survival.