Objective: Dysmenorrhea is a condition, in which there is a severe, painful, cramping sensation in the lower abdomen which occurs just before or during the menses. It has a major impact on the quality of life and social and occupational roles of females in the society. It also results in insignificant work, school, and college absences in girls. As previous studies have failed to show a definite relation between dysmenorrhea and body mass index (BMI), the aim of our study was to find out an association between BMI and dysmenorrhea among medical students. Methods:The study was conducted on 200 medical students. Each one was supplied with a questionnaire with detailed menstrual history, family history of dysmenorrhea, and detailed H/O of physical exercise and dietary habits. BMI was calculated by the formula weight in kg/height 2 in meter, and based on the BMI criteria by the World Health Organization, the students were classified into four groups: Underweight, normal, overweight, and obese groups. The data obtained were statistically analyzed by Pearson Chi-square test, and p<0.5 was considered significant.Result: From our study, we found out that there is a positive correlation between dysmenorrhea and low BMI. Conclusion:As there is a positive correlation between BMI and dysmenorrhea, our aim was to educate people about dysmenorrhea and create awareness on diet and dysmenorrhea to assist in improving the quality of life in females.

Objective: Adequate sleep has been considered important for the adolescent's health and well-being. On the other hand, self-imposed sleep curtailment is now recognized as a potentially important and novel risk factor for obesity. The objective of the study is to find the association between short sleep duration and obesity (by calculating the body mass index [BMI]) among medical students. Methods:The study was conducted on 100 medical students. A brief history of sleep duration was taken. The height and weight were taken and the body mass index (BMI) was calculated by formula weight in kg / height in m 2 . Based on the BMI criteria the students were classified into six groups: Underweight, normal, overweight, obese class I, obese class II and obese III. The waist circumference (WC) was also taken. The data obtained were statistically analysed by ANOVA test and the p < 0.5 was considered significant. Results:The present cross-sectional study showed that there is an association between short sleep duration and obesity which was highly significant (p<0.001). This study also shows that there is an association between short sleep duration and waist circumference which was also highly significant (p<0.001). Conclusion:The present study observed a high association of short sleep duration among medical students of IMS and SUM Hospital and that short sleep duration was significantly associated with increased risk of overweight and obesity. We should further investigate whether adults adopting a healthy lifestyle with short sleep duration would improve their sleeping habits or not.

Introduction: The cardiomyopathy in diabetes mellitus (DM) is the disorders in cardiac muscle due to prolonged exposure of vascular tissues to hyperglycemia in DM; and is termed as diabetic cardiomyopathy (DC). The early preclinical features of DC are the left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD), preceding the systolic dysfunction and being able to evolve to symptomatic heart failure. Methods: A cross-sectional study was done including 50 DM-2 patients without any feature of cardiovascular involvement and blood pressure less than 130/80 mmHg. Doppler echocardiography was done to evaluate LVDD. Results: In this study results showed diastolic dysfunction was more common among female than male. The prevalence of diastolic dysfunction is more in cases of longer duration of DM. Conclusion: Our study supports other studies that myocardial damage in DM-2 affects diastolic dysfunction before systolic dysfunction. As Doppler echocardiography is a simple non-invasive procedure to assess cardiac function, so in diabetes it should be done routinely in DM for early diagnosis and prevention of further complications.

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