No abstract

Coxsackievirus A10 (CV-A10) associated with Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) cases emerged increasingly in recent years. In this study, the samples from nation-wide HFMD surveillance, including 27 out of 31 provinces in China were investigated, and the continuous and extensive virological surveillance, covered 13 years, were conducted to provide a comprehensive molecular characterization analysis of CV-A10. 855 CV-A10 viruses (33 severe cases included), were isolated from HFMD children patients during 2009 to 2016 in China. 164 representative sequences from these viruses, together with 117 CV-A10 sequences downloaded from GenBank based on entire VP1 were recruited in this study. Two new genotypes (F and G) and two sub-genotypes (C1 and C2) were identified. Among 264 Chinese sequences, 9 of them were genotype B, 8 of them were C1, and the other (247) were C2, the predominant sub-genotype in China since 2012. Chinese C2 viruses showed obvious temporal characteristics and can be divided into 3 clusters (cluster 1~3). Cluster 3 viruses was circulating extensively during 2014 and 2016 with more severe cases. It is very necessary and important to continuously conduct the extensive virological surveillance for CV-A10, and further evolutionary studies will provide more evidence on its evolution and virulence.

No abstract

No abstract

The objective of the current study was to explore the role of body mass index (BMI) in sperm quality and erectile function in Chinese males of infertile couples. A total of 28 fertility centers in different regions of China were enrolled. Patient data were collected from June 1, 2017, through October 31, 2017. Semen analyses and demographic data were collected and the five-item International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) questionnaire was used to evaluate the erectile function in participants with different BMIs. In total, 3,174 Chinese men of infertile couples with an average age of 33.11 ± 6.08 years were enrolled. The occurrence of obesity, overweight, normal weight, and underweight were 5.4%, 36.6%, 56.8%, and 1.2%, respectively. In addition to hypertension and diabetes, primary infertility, a longer course of infertility, and chronic prostatitis were risk factors for obesity. Compared with men of normal weight, adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for men with obesity, overweight, and underweight for semen volume <2 ml were 2.53 (95% CI [1.61, 3.97]), 1.33 (95% CI [1.09, 1.62]), and 0.84 (95% CI [0.29, 2.43]); for sperm progressive motility (A + B) (%) <32, the ORs were 1.60 (95% CI [1.16, 2.22]), 1.30 (95% CI [1.12, 1.51]), and 1.03 (95% CI [0.54, 1.98]); and for IIEF-5 ≤ 21, the ORs were 1.52 (95% CI [1.10, 2.10]), 1.11 (95% CI [0.96, 1.30]), and 0.62 (95% CI [0.31, 1.26]), respectively. Obesity was associated with lower semen volume, lower sperm motility, and erectile dysfunction in Chinese males of infertile couples.