BackgroundGlioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary central nervous system neoplasm in adults. Radioactive 125I seed implantation has been widely applied in the treatment of cancers. Moreover, previous clinical trials have confirmed that 125I seeds treatment was an effective therapy in GBM. We sought to investigate the effect of 125I seed on GBM cell growth and Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT).MethodsCells were exposed to irradiation at different doses. Colony-formation assay, EdU assay, cell cycle analysis, and TUNEL assay were preformed to investigate the radiation sensitivity. The effects of 125I seeds irradiation on EMT were measured by transwell, Boyden and wound-healing assays. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured by DCF-DA assay. Moreover, the radiation sensitivity and EMT were investigated with or without pretreatment with glutathione. Additionally, nude mice with tumors were measured after treated with radiation.ResultsRadioactive 125I seeds are more effective than X-ray irradiation in inhibiting GBM cell growth. Moreover, EMT was effectively inhibited by 125I seed irradiation. A mechanism study indicated that GBM cell growth and EMT inhibition were induced by 125I seeds with the involvement of a ROS-mediated signaling pathway.ConclusionsRadioactive 125I seeds exhibit novel anticancer activity via a ROS-mediated signaling pathway. These findings have clinical implications for the treatment of patients with GBM by 125I seeds.

AimTo report the results of a series of patients undergoing pure endoscopic endonasal pituitary surgery and to evaluate the efficacy and safety of this procedure.Materials and methodsThe data of 1,166 patients that underwent endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal adenoma removal between December 2006 and June 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. Pre- and postoperative hormonal status (3 months after surgery) were analyzed and compared with the clinical parameters originally presented by the patients. The incidences of tumor removal, hormonal control, and tumor removal complications were retrospectively analyzed.ResultOut of 577 nonfunctioning adenomas, 180 were growth hormone (GH) secreting, 308 prolactin (PRL) secreting, 26 mixed GH/PRL adenomas, 68 adrenocorticotropin secreting, and 7 thyroid-stimulating hormone-secreting adenomas. The gross total removal of pituitary adenomas was achieved in 98 % of microadenomas, 92 % of macroadenomas, and 76 % of giant adenomas. Hormonal control was achieved in 47 (69 %) cases of ACTH adenomas, 119 (66 %) GH adenomas, 262 (85 %) PRL adenomas, and 6 (86 %) TSH adenomas. Postoperative complications were observed in 168 (14.4 %) patients. The most frequent complications were diabetes insipidus (7 %), epistaxis (1.7 %), hyposmia (1.5 %), anterior lobe insufficiency (1.3 %) ,and CSF leaks (0.6 %).ConclusionThe pure endoscopic approach is a safe, efficacious, and minimally invasive technique for the removal of pituitary adenomas. A higher gross total resection rate is vital for non-functional and functional adenomas. For patients with functional adenomas, while hormonal remission is unlikely to be achieved by surgery, the use of adjuvant therapy is advocated to obtain long-term hormonal control.

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SUV and MTV changes from two serial (18)F-FDG PET/CT scans, before and after initial CRT, allow prediction of the treatment response in advanced NSCLC.