A need-supportive environment can provide various motivational benefits to impact children’s psychomotor developmental levels. However, very little is known about the effects of need-supportive motor skill intervention on children’s motor skill competence and physical activity by gender. Guided by self-determination theory (SDT), this study aimed to (a) investigate the effect of a need-supportive fundamental movement skill (FMS) program on children’s FMS competence and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and (b) explore potential gender differences in these effects. Thirty-six children (63.8% girls; Mage = 6.52 ± 0.97) participated and were divided into two groups: an intervention group (24 need-supportive FMS sessions over eight weeks) and a control group. A repeated-measures multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to examine the influence of the motor skill intervention on FMS competence and MVPA over time by group (intervention, control) and gender (boys, girls). The results showed (a) significant group differences between the intervention and control group in FMS competence and MVPA (p < 0.001), (b) non-significant gender differences between boys and girls in FMS competence and MVPA (p = 0.85), and (c) non-significant interaction effects over time (p = 0.52). The findings highlight that a need-supportive FMS program may enhance FMS development and daily physical activity for both genders during the early school years.

Numerous studies have shown associations between the FOXO3A gene, encoding the forkhead box O3 transcription factor, and human or specifically male longevity. However, the associations of specific FOXO3A polymorphisms with longevity remain inconclusive. We performed a meta-analysis of existing studies to clarify these potential associations. A comprehensive search was conducted to identify studies of FOXO3A gene polymorphisms and longevity. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by comparing the minor and major alleles. A total of seven articles reporting associations of FOXO3A polymorphisms with longevity were identified and included in this meta-analysis. These comprised 11 independent studies with 5241 cases and 5724 controls from different ethnic groups. rs2802292, rs2764264, rs13217795, rs1935949 and rs2802288 polymorphisms were associated with human longevity (OR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.10–1.69, P = 0.005; OR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.04–1.37, P = 0.01; OR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.10–1.46, P = 0.001; OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.01–1.27 and OR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.07–1.43, P = 0.003, respectively). Analysis stratified by gender indicated significant associations between rs2802292, rs2764264 and rs13217795 and male longevity (OR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.33–1.79, P < 0.001; OR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.15–1.66, P = 0.001; and OR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.15–1.67, P = 0.001), but rs2802292, rs2764264 and rs1935949 were not linked to female longevity. Moreover, our study showed no association between rs2153960, rs7762395 or rs13220810 polymorphisms and longevity. In conclusion, this meta-analysis indicates a significant association of five FOXO3A gene polymorphisms with longevity, with the effects of rs2802292 and rs2764264 being male-specific. Further investigations are required to confirm these findings.

Promoting physical activity (PA) and eliminating health disparities among underserved minority children is a public health priority. The main purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of actual motor competence (a set of object control skills) and perceived motor competence with PA participation and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among underserved Hispanic children who were born in the U.S. Guided by Stodden et al.’s conceptual model, we tested the direct and indirect effects (mediational model) of actual motor competence on health-related outcomes (PA and HRQoL) through perceived motor competence. Participants were 215 underserved Hispanic children (Mage = 10.55 years, SD = 0.53 [age range 10–12]; 51.6% boys), recruited from four elementary schools in the southwestern U.S., who completed validated questionnaires assessing their perceived motor competence, PA, and HRQoL. Their actual motor skills were assessed using PE MetricsTM. After examining the associations among the variables, we tested the hypothesized model using structural equation modeling (SEM; AMOS 25). The hypothesized model indicated a good fit (χ²/df = 38.427/24 = 1.60 < 5; non-normed fit index (NFI) = 0.93; comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.968; root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.053 [0.016, 0.083]). The effect of actual motor competence on PA and HRQoL was fully mediated by perceived motor competence. The findings demonstrated the mediating role of perceived motor competence between actual motor competence and health-related outcomes (PA and HRQoL) among underserved Hispanic children. The results highlight that actual motor competence significantly predicted underserved Hispanic children’ perceived motor competence, which in turn positively predicted their PA and HRQoL. These findings have significant practical implications for future intervention strategies of randomized clinical trials in schools aimed at promoting PA and HRQoL and eliminating health disparities among underserved Hispanic children.

Background Participating in regular physical activity contributes to significant improvements of quality of life (QOL) in adults. Understanding psychosocial factors that influence physical activity and QOL in working adults may have important implications for future interventions aimed at improving their health. The major purpose of this study was to investigate the psychosocial predictors of physical activity and QOL among Shanghai working adults. Methods Participants were 238 working adults ( M age = 51.6 ± 5.6) living in Shanghai communities, China. They completed previously validated questionnaires assessing their perceptions of stress, social support from friends, self-efficacy, physical activity, and QOL. Pearson correlations were computed to assess the associations among physical activity, QOL, and psychosocial variables. Path analysis was used to test the predictive strengths of psychosocial factors on physical activity and QOL among Shanghai working adults. Results The results indicated that stress had directly negative relationships on self-efficacy and QOL. Social support had directly positive relationships on self-efficacy, physical activity, and QOL. Physical activity had directly positive relationship on QOL. Self-efficacy and physical activity mediated the influences of stress and social support on QOL. Conclusions: Stress and social support from friends were two important sources of self-efficacy, all of which facilitated more physical activity participation. Lower stress, higher social support, and more physical activity may directly increase QOL among Shanghai working adults. The mediating roles of self-efficacy and physical activity should be taken into account in managing stress and social support in order to promote QOL among Shanghai working adults.

Background Although the clinical efficacy and safety of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in the treatment of chronic tinnitus have been frequently examined, the results remain contradictory. Therefore, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysed clinical trials examining the effects of rTMS to evaluate its clinical efficacy and safety. Methods Studies of rTMS for chronic tinnitus were retrieved from PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library through April 2020. Review Manager 5.3 software was employed for data synthesis, and Stata 13.0 software was used for analyses of publication bias and sensitivity. Results Twenty-nine randomized studies involving 1228 chronic tinnitus patients were included. Compared with sham-rTMS, rTMS exhibited significant improvements in the tinnitus handicap inventory (THI) scores at 1 week (mean difference [MD]: − 7.92, 95% confidence interval [CI]: − 14.18, − 1.66), 1 month (MD: -8.52, 95% CI: − 12.49, − 4.55), and 6 months (MD: -6.53, 95% CI: − 11.406, − 1.66) post intervention; there were significant mean changes in THI scores at 1 month (MD: -14.86, 95% CI: − 21.42, − 8.29) and 6 months (MD: -16.37, 95% CI: − 20.64, − 12.11) post intervention, and the tinnitus questionnaire (TQ) score at 1 week post intervention (MD: -8.54, 95% CI: − 15.56, − 1.52). Nonsignificant efficacy of rTMS was found regarding the THI score 2 weeks post intervention (MD: -1.51, 95% CI: − 13.42, − 10.40); the mean change in TQ scores 1 month post intervention (MD: -3.67, 95% CI: − 8.56, 1.22); TQ scores 1 (MD: -8.97, 95% CI: − 20.41, 2.48) and 6 months (MD: -7.02, 95% CI: − 18.18, 4.13) post intervention; and adverse events (odds ratios [OR]: 1.11, 95% CI: 0.51, 2.42). Egger’s and Begg’s tests indicated no publication bias (P = 0.925). Conclusion This meta-analysis demonstrated that rTMS is effective for chronic tinnitus; however, its safety needs more validation. Restrained by the insufficient number of included studies and the small sample size, more large randomized double-blind multi-centre trials are needed for further verification.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are recommended to treat advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), whereas brain radiotherapy (RT) is the mainstream therapy for patients with brain metastases (BMs). This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated whether the combination of brain RT and ICIs would generate a synergistic effect without unacceptable toxicity to treat NSCLC with BMs. Methods: Literature searching was performed in PubMed, Embase, Web Of Science, and The Cochrane Library up to December 20, 2020. Heterogeneit y, sensitivit y analysis, forest plots, and publication bias were analyzed using Stata 15.0. Results: Nineteen studies were included. In the comparison of the brain RT + ICIs arm and brain RT alone arm, the pooled effect size (ES) for overall survival (OS) (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.77; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.71-0.83; I ² = 0; P < .001; n = 4) and grade 3-4 neurological adverse events (AEs) (risk ratio [RR] = 0.91; 95% CI 0.41-2.02; I ² = 26.5; P = .809; n = 4) indicated that the brain RT + ICIs model had significantly better systemic efficacy and similar neurological AEs compared with brain RT alone for NSCLC. Concurrent RT + ICIs were identified as the optimal model, which achieved the best efficacy without significantly increased AEs compared with sequential RT + ICIs. Conclusions: Combined ICIs and brain RT exhibited favorable efficacy and acceptable toxicity for NSCLC patients with BMs, among which, the concurrent model might be the optimal option. Our results could guide the design of future randomized controlled trials and clinical practice.

Abstract. Previous studies have shown that two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in PSCA (rs2976392 and rs2294008) are associated with gastric cancer (GC), but the results are conflicting. Additionally, the prognostic value of PSCA gene polymorphisms for GC patients is unknown. We performed a meta-analysis using 9 eligible case-control studies to investigate the association between PSCA polymorphisms and GC risk, and additionally investigated the prognostic value of PSCA polymorphisms for GC patients with two eligible studies. The association was measured using random-effect or fixed-effect odds ratios (ORs) combined with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) according to the heterogeneity of the studies. We found that rs2294008 (dominant model: OR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.16-1.79) and rs2976392 (dominant model: OR, 1.41; 95% CI, 0.98-2.04) polymorphisms were associated with increased risk of GC, although the association of rs2976392 was not statistically significant. For rs2294008, the associations were all consistently significant among the different subgroups stratified by ethnicity and tumor location, but not significant in intestinal or diffuse subtypes. For rs2976392, the associations were consistently significant for the intestinal, diffuse and non-cardia subtypes, but not significant for the cardia subtype. Furthermore, two eligible studies reported inverse results of PCSA in predicting the survival of GC patients (HR, 0.75; 95% CI, and HR, 2.12; 95% CI, respectively). In conclusion, PSCA gene polymorphisms are associated with increased risk of GC and are correlated with the prognosis of GC patients. Future studies are required to evaluate the molecular mechanisms of PSCA polymorphisms in GC and validate the prognostic value in a larger number of patients.

Background: Epidemiological studies evaluating the association between vitamin E intake and glioma risk have produced inconsistent results. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis to summarize the evidence from epidemiological studies of vitamin E intake with the risk of glioma. Methods: Pertinent studies were identified by a search in pubmed and web of knowledge up to August 2014. The random-effect model was used to combine the results. Publication bias was estimated using the Egger's regression asymmetry test. Results: Twelve studies including 3180 glioma cases about vitamin E intake with the risk of glioma were included in this meta-analysis. The combined relative risk (RR) of glioma associated with vitamin E intake was 0.88 (95% CI = 0.69-1.12). The association was significant neither in the case-control studies nor in the cohort studies. No publication biases were found. Conclusions: Our analysis indicated that vitamin E intake is not associated with the risk of glioma.