Cosmetic skin diseases are a part of many dermatological concerns brought up by patients, which negatively affect mental health and quality of life. Imaging technology has an established role in the diagnosis of cosmetic skin diseases by recognizing information on deep skin lesions. Due to the complex physiological and pathological nature of cosmetic skin diseases, the diagnostic imaging performance varies greatly. Developing noninvasive technology models with wide applicability, particularly high-frequency ultrasound (HFUS), which is able to achieve high-resolution imaging of the skin from the stratum corneum down to the deep fascia, is of great significance to medical cosmetology. To explore the great potential of HFUS in cosmetic skin diseases, a narrative review of literature from PubMed and Web of Science published between 1985 and 2022 was conducted. This narrative review focuses on the progression of HFUS imaging in medical cosmetology, especially on its promising application in the quantitative evaluation and differential diagnosis of cutaneous pathological scar, port wine stain (PWS), acne, skin aging, and other cosmetic applications.
Abstract—The effects of technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) on teachers’ use of online teaching technical tools are analyzed through a case study based on 297 civil engineering teachers in 7 universities of China. Results show that the overall Cronbach’s α is 0.868, Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin test (KMO)is 0.781, and the corresponding P value is 0.000, indicating the high reliability and validity of the study. The content knowledge(CK), technological knowledge(TK), and TPACK of civil engineering teachers in universities have significantly positive effects on their use of online teaching technical tools. Conclusions can provide important references to expand the research scope and content of TPACK, promote the professional development of civil engineering teachers in universities, and help them enrich information knowledge structure.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.