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Accurate measurements of isotopic variations are essential to biogeochemistry and for testing theoretical models of isotope effects. PBLs are probably ubiquitous, contributing to the interlaboratory disagreements in triple-isotope compositions of materials differing greatly in δ O values. Moreover, they may lead to inaccurate determination of triple-isotope compositions and fractionation factors, which has implications for isotopic studies in hydrology and biogeochemistry.

Low temperature (140 °C) processed MA0.6FA0.4PbI3/AZO devices exhibit 20% higher PCE and two-fold higher device stability compared to MA0.6FA0.4PbI3/ZnO devices.

No abstract