Simultaneous enhancement in stability and efficiency of low-temperature processed perovskite solar cells

Mahmud, Arafat; Elumalai, Naveen Kumar; Upama, Mushfika Baishakhi; Wang, Dian; Wright, Matthew; Sun, Tao; Xu, Cheng; Haque, Faiazul; Uddin, Ashraf

doi:10.1039/c6ra14186b

Cited by 40 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Interfacial reactions between perovskite and ZnO [114][115][116][118][119][120]123] or TiO 2 [111] may lead to the degradation of the perovskite absorbing layer as discussed in Section 2.4. Various methods can be used to inhibit the interfacial reaction and improve the stability of the PSC, such as doping ZnO with Al [121,387] , Mg [122] , inserting an interlayer such as Al 2 O 3 [118,388] and PEI [120] between the perovskite and ZnO, using ZnO/rGO composite [116] , efficient removal of basic hydroxyl groups, residual acetate ligands [114] , fluorine plasma treatment [389] and processing solvent [118] .…”

Section: Engineering Of Perovskite/etm Interfacementioning

confidence: 99%

Recent progress in stabilizing hybrid perovskites for solar cell applications

Chen

Cai

Yang

et al. 2017

Journal of Power Sources

100

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Hybrid inorganic-organic perovskites have quickly evolved as a promising group of materials for solar cells and optoelectronic applications mainly owing to the inexpensive materials, relatively simple and versatile fabrication and high power conversion efficiency (PCE). The certified energy conversion efficiency for perovskite solar cell (PSC) has reached above 20%, which is compatible to the current best for commercial applications. However, long-term stabilities of the materials and devices remain to be the biggest challenging issue for realistic implementation of the PSCs. This article discusses the key issues related to the stability of perovskite absorbing layer including crystal structural stability, chemical stability under moisture, oxygen, illumination and interface reaction, effects of electron-transporting materials (ETM), hole-transporting materials (HTM), contact electrodes and preparation conditions. Towards the end, prospective strategies for improving the stability of PSCs are also briefly discussed and summarized. We focus on recent understanding of the stability of materials and devices and our perspectives about the strategies for the stability improvement.

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Section: Engineering Of Perovskite/etm Interfacementioning

confidence: 99%

Recent progress in stabilizing hybrid perovskites for solar cell applications

Chen

Cai

Yang

et al. 2017

Journal of Power Sources

100

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“…The MA 0.6 FA 0.4 PbI 3 perovskite film was deposited on top of both ZnO and AZO films in an identical way using two step dipping method. It was confirmed from the XRD pattern of MA 0.6 FA 0.4 PbI 3 perovskite film that the formations of mixed organic cation perovskite in which both MAI and FAI organic cations have been incorporated in the same lattice frame [9]. The optical properties MA 0.6 FA 0.4 PbI 3 /ZnO and MA 0.6 FA 0.4 PbI 3 /AZO films on top of ITO/glass substrates were investigated with absorbance measurement.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…MA 0.6 FA 0.4 PbI 3 /AZO devices retain higher normalized PCE compared to MA 0.6 FA 0.4 PbI 3 /ZnO devices. from impedance measurement explains the larger open circuit voltage observed in MA 0.6 FA 0.4 PbI 3 /AZO devices and its implication on high PCE [9].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…The larger grain size of MA 0.6 FA 0.4 PbI 3 perovskite grown on AZO ETL film can be attributed to the enhanced interparticle connectivity of perovskite owing to the significantly reduced residual impurity [14] at the underneath AZO film. From the statistical quantity analysis of AFM images, the RMS surface roughness of MA 0.6 FA 0.4 PbI 3 /AZO film (55.7 nm) has been found to be lower than that (56.80 nm) of MA 0.6 FA 0.4 PbI 3 /ZnO film [9].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Perovskite solar cells for roll-to-roll fabrication

Uddin

Mahmud

Elumalai³

et al. 2017

Renew. Energy Environ. Sustain.

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Perovskite solar cell (PSCs) is considered as the game changer in emerging photovoltaics technology. The highest certified efficiency is 22% with high temperature processed (∼500°C) TiO 2 based electron transport layer (ETL). High temperature process is a rudimentary hindrance towards roll-to-roll processing of PSCs on flexible substrates. Low temperature solution process (<150°C) ZnO based ETL is one of the most promising candidate for large scale roll-to-roll fabrication of cells as it has nearly identical electron affinity (4.2 eV) of TiO 2. The mixed organic perovskite (MA 0.6 FA 0.4 PbI 3) devices with Al doped ZnO (AZO) ETL demonstrate average cell efficiency over 16%, which is the highest ever reported efficiency for this device configuration. The energy level alignment and related interfacial charge transport dynamics at the interface of ZnO and perovskite films and the adjacent charge transport layers are investigated. Significantly improved device stability, hysteresis free device photocurrent have been observed in MA 0.6 FA 0.4 PbI 3 cells. A systematic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, frequency dependent capacitance spectra, surface morphology and topography characterization have been conducted to understand the role of interfacial electronic properties between perovskite and neighbouring layers in perovskite device. A standardized degradation study, interfacial electronic property and capacitive spectra analysis of aged device, have been measured to understand the enhanced device stability in mixed MA 0.6 FA 0.4 PbI 3 cells. Slow perovskite material decomposition rate and augmented device lifetime with AZO based devices have been found to be correlated with the more hydrophobic and acidic nature of AZO surface compared to pristine ZnO film.

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“…Low temperature processed sol–gel ZnO precursor was prepared and spin coated on ITO/glass substrate according to a previously reported Ref. . 1 M PbI 2 solution in DMF with 120 µL 4‐TBP was prepared at a temperature of 70 °C.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced stability of low temperature processed perovskite solar cells via augmented polaronic intensity of hole transporting layer

Mahmud

Elumalai

Upama

et al. 2016

Physica Rapid Research Ltrs

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The commercial mass production of perovskite solar cells requires full compatibility with roll‐to‐roll processing with enhanced device stability. In line with this, the present work addresses following issues simultaneously from multiple fronts: (i) low temperature processed (140 °C) ZnO is used as electron transport layer (ETL) for fabricating the mixed organic cation based perovskite solar cells, (ii) the expensive hole transporting layer (HTL) spiro‐OMeTAD is replaced with F4TCNQ doped P3HT and (iii) the fabrication method does not incorporate the dopant TBP which is known to induce degradation processes in perovskite layer. All the devices under study were fabricated in ambient conditions. The F4TCNQ doped P3HT (HTL) based devices exhibits 14 times higher device stability compared to the conventional Li‐TFSI/TBP doped P3HT devices. The underlying mechanism behind the enhanced device lifetime in F4TCNQ doped P3HT (HTL) based devices was investigated via in‐depth electronic, ionic and polaronic characterization. The enhanced polaronic property in F4TCNQ doped P3HT HTL device ascertains its superior hole extraction and electron blocking capability; and consequently higher stability retained even after a month of ageing.

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Simultaneous enhancement in stability and efficiency of low-temperature processed perovskite solar cells

Abstract: Low temperature (140 °C) processed MA0.6FA0.4PbI3/AZO devices exhibit 20% higher PCE and two-fold higher device stability compared to MA0.6FA0.4PbI3/ZnO devices.

Cited by 40 publications

References 69 publications

Recent progress in stabilizing hybrid perovskites for solar cell applications

Recent progress in stabilizing hybrid perovskites for solar cell applications

Perovskite solar cells for roll-to-roll fabrication

Enhanced stability of low temperature processed perovskite solar cells via augmented polaronic intensity of hole transporting layer

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