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Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an IgE-mediated nasal mucosal inflammatory response whose incidence has increased in recent years. AR is characterized by intermittent or persistent symptoms that can lead to a variety of complications. Nasal congestion, sneezing, nasal secretion, swelling of the nasal mucosa, and sinusitis are the main symptoms. AR is considered to be a risk factor for asthma in both children and adults. 1 The current global prevalence of AR is 10%-25%. 2 In recent decades, the prevalence and morbidity rates among children and adults in China have also increased significantly, 3 with the self-reported prevalence rate in central Chinese cities ranging from 8.0%-21.4%. 4 Certain occupational exposures can also cause nasal irritation and local cytotoxicity, triggering occupational AR, 5-9 with the self-reported occupational AR morbidity rate reaching as much as 55%. 10 AR caused by occupational workplaces can lead to absenteeism and reduced work efficiency. In the United States, AR leads to an average annual productivity (achievement and attendance) loss

SummaryPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in indoor dust are one of the common exposure sources for children worldwide. The aim of this study is to explore PAHs pollution status in indoor dust and estimate health risk on Chinese children with big data. Weighted average concentration was used to analyze source and characterization of PAHs in indoor dust based on peer-reviewed literature. According to specific inclusion criteria, 17 studies were included finally to analyze weighted average concentration. The national average concentration of Σ16PAHs was approximately 25.696 µg/g. The highest concentration of Σ16PAHs was in Shanxi (2111.667 µg/g), and the lowest was in Hong Kong (1.505 µg/g). The concentrations in Shanxi and Guangdong were higher than national level and the over standard rate was 18.18%. The concentrations of individual PAHs varied greatly across the country, and Flu in Shanxi was the highest (189.400 µg/g). The sources of PAHs varied in different regions and combustion processes played a leading role. PAHs exposure through ingestion and dermal contact was more carcinogenic than inhalation. The incremental lifetime cancer risk model indicated that children lived in Shanxi were found in the highest health risk coupled with the highest BaPE concentration (54.074 µg/g). Although PAHs concentrations of indoor dust showed a downward trend from 2005 to 2018, indoor environmental sanitation should be improved with multidisciplinary efforts. Health standard should be possibly established to minimize children exposure to PAHs in indoor dust in China.

The noise level is associated with stress, 1 annoyance, 2 sleep disturbance, 3 cardiovascular disease, 4 and impaired cognitive performance, 5 particularly loud noise such as airports and their surroundings, 6,7 traffic road noise, 8,9 urban public activity space, 10 and recreational settings. 11,12 Meanwhile, the general population is exposed to multiple chronic or low-frequency noise sources, such as air conditioner noise and ventilation noise, due to occupational and residential exposure. Long-term exposure to noise in combination with other factors may result in adverse psychological outcomes and worse neuropsychiatric performance. 13,14 Although there are few