Source, Characterization of Indoor Dust PAHs and the Health Risk on Chinese Children

Abstract

SummaryPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in indoor dust are one of the common exposure sources for children worldwide. The aim of this study is to explore PAHs pollution status in indoor dust and estimate health risk on Chinese children with big data. Weighted average concentration was used to analyze source and characterization of PAHs in indoor dust based on peer-reviewed literature. According to specific inclusion criteria, 17 studies were included finally to analyze weighted average concentration. The national average concentration of Σ16PAHs was approximately 25.696 µg/g. The highest concentration of Σ16PAHs was in Shanxi (2111.667 µg/g), and the lowest was in Hong Kong (1.505 µg/g). The concentrations in Shanxi and Guangdong were higher than national level and the over standard rate was 18.18%. The concentrations of individual PAHs varied greatly across the country, and Flu in Shanxi was the highest (189.400 µg/g). The sources of PAHs varied in different regions and combustion processes played a leading role. PAHs exposure through ingestion and dermal contact was more carcinogenic than inhalation. The incremental lifetime cancer risk model indicated that children lived in Shanxi were found in the highest health risk coupled with the highest BaPE concentration (54.074 µg/g). Although PAHs concentrations of indoor dust showed a downward trend from 2005 to 2018, indoor environmental sanitation should be improved with multidisciplinary efforts. Health standard should be possibly established to minimize children exposure to PAHs in indoor dust in China.

Levels and human health risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in indoor dust in Hanoi, Vietnam

“…The total concentration of 16 PAHs (Ʃ16PAHs) was 1320 -54000ng/g (average Ʃ16PAHs 7460ng/g). Many previous studies report the existence of PAHs in indoor dust [3,4,7,22,27]. The average concentration of PAHs recorded in this study was much lower than in other areas such as times lower than in China, 50 times in Texas, and 22 times in Canada (Ottawa) [22,28,29].…”

“…As a result, the chemicals in each category have similarities in physicochemical characteristics, fate in the environment, and even emission sources. The diagnostic indexes are affected by several factors such as the absorption of dust, transportation, and the dissociation of PAHs in the atmosphere [27,28]. However, this is still a reliable method to estimate the source of PAHs.…”

Association of indoor noise level with depression in hotel workers: A multicenter study from 111 China's cities

“…This study aimed to determine the associations between indoor noise and depressive symptoms, as well as the combined effects on the demographic, socioeconomic, and behavioral characteristics of hotel workers. Based on our previous research on the microenvironment of residential, 49,50 and public places, 51 we conducted this cross-sectional and on-site survey of the hotel noise level to investigate the health effects of the hotel noise level on long-term indoor staff depression. The primary outcomes were: approximately 40.9%…”

“…This study aimed to determine the associations between indoor noise and depressive symptoms, as well as the combined effects on the demographic, socioeconomic, and behavioral characteristics of hotel workers. Based on our previous research on the microenvironment of residential, 49,50 and public places, 51 we conducted this cross‐sectional and on‐site survey of the hotel noise level to investigate the health effects of the hotel noise level on long‐term indoor staff depression. The primary outcomes were: approximately 40.9% of the hotel exceeded the 45 dB limit (A), 19.1% of hotel workers showed mild to severe symptoms of depression, different building characteristics were associated with indoor noise, and the indoor noise level was significantly a positive association with depression scores>2.…”

Measurement of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Baby Food Samples in Tehran, Iran With Magnetic-Solid-Phase-Extraction and Gas-Chromatography/Mass-Spectrometry Method: A Health Risk Assessment

“…Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons have been shown to accumulate in a variety of food matrices and may enter the body in three routes: dermal, respiratory, and swallowing. During packaging, cooking, processing, and heat activities (such as grilling, smoking, frying, and cooking), PAHs are produced in a variety of foods (9)(10)(11). In addition, the transfer of PAH from the environment (air, soil, and water) to agricultural products (such as cereals) can be significant, especially when farms are located near industrial sites or factories (1,(12)(13)(14)(15).…”