Aims and Objectives:To study the genotoxic effects of tobacco on the exfoliated buccal epithelial cells in patients with oral precancerous lesions (OPLs) and Patients with tobacco habit but without oral precancerous lesion(habit controls) by using micronucleus assay as well as the quantification and detection of the biomarkers in these premalignant lesions which will be helpful in finding those patients who are at higher risk for malignant transformation.Materials and Methods:Forty samples were collected from the right and left side of buccal epithelial cells obtained from 20 individuals, i.e., 10 patients with habit control and 10 patients with OPLs. Statistical analysis was performed by the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 21.0 Unpaired t-test was performed to determine the micronucleated cell (MNC) and micronuclei (MN) frequencies in individuals; significance was set at P > 0.05.Results:There was an increase in both the MNC and MN frequency from habit controls to OPLs, indicating that the number of cells with chromosomal damage and extent of chromosomal damage in each cell was high in OPLs.Conclusion:The MN count can be used as a noninvasive tool for early detection, educating patients, screening a large population, and to check the risk for malignancy, which in turn may help in treatment planning.
The lingual foramina is a structure located at the lingual side of anterior mandible which houses the sublingual artery which in turn anastomoses with the Inferior alveolar vessels. This is a structure that has little information in terms of anatomy and its variations but it has a lot of significance when it comes to any invasive procedure in the anterior region of mandible. With the advent of Implantology, dentists have to be careful while placing implants in the region of or in proximity to the lingual foramen in order to avoid any unprecedented outcomes like haemorrhage. Cone Beam Computed Tomography is an indispensable tool at our disposal that is extensively used for treatment planning and to determine the prognosis of the disease. The anatomy and radiographic appearance should be known to the clinician for an impeccable diagnosis and treatment planning. In this paper, different appearances, variations in position and number are depicted through different sagittal and coronal section views of CBCT.
In recent years, a new optical technology known as in vivo microscopy (IVM) has emerged as a promising and non-invasive diagnostic adjunct. IVM includes high-resolution, microscopic imaging of intact tissue for disease detection without the need of tissue removal. IVM offers the opportunity to carry out a ‘real time’ inspection at a microscopic level during the clinical examination of both soft and hard tissues of the oral cavity. It make use of the refracted light emitted after being hit by incident light at a specific wavelength. As it is a non-invasive method it could in bypass all the difficulties and problems related to a biopsy and the subsequent histological examination, which still represents the gold standard for definitive diagnosis.
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