In the present research, selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) were tested for their use as seed priming agents under field trials on tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) for their efficacy in conferring drought tolerance. Four different seed priming regimes of SeNPs were created, comprising 25, 50, 75, and 100 ppm, along with a control treatment of 0 ppm. Seeds were planted in split plots under two irrigation regimes comprising water and water stress. The results suggest that seed priming with SeNPs can improve tomato crop performance under drought stress. Plants grown with 75 ppm SeNPs-primed seeds had lower hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels by 39.3% and 28.9%, respectively. Seed priming with 75 ppm SeNPs further increased the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) functions by 34.9 and 25.4%, respectively. The same treatment increased the total carotenoids content by 13.5%, α-tocopherols content by 22.8%, total flavonoids content by 25.2%, total anthocyanins content by 19.6%, ascorbic acid content by 26.4%, reduced glutathione (GSH) content by 14.8%, and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) content by 13.12%. Furthermore, seed priming with SeNPs upregulated the functions of enzymes of ascorbate glutathione cycle. Seed priming with SeNPs is a smart application to sustain tomato production in arid lands.
Mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) grown under heavy metals such as cadmium stress shows poor growth patterns and yield attributes which can be extenuated by the application of calcium and organic manure to the contaminated soil. The present study was designed to decipher the calcium oxide nanoparticles and farmyard manure-induced Cd stress tolerance through improvement in physiological and biochemical attributes of mung bean plants. A pot experiment was conducted by defining appropriate positive and negative controls under differential soil treatments with farmyard manure (1% and 2%) and calcium oxide nanoparticles (0, 5, 10, and 20 mg/L). Root treatment of 20 mg/L calcium oxide nanoparticles (CaONPs) and 2% farmyard manure (FM) reduced the cadmium acquisition from the soil and improved growth in terms of plant height by 27.4% compared to positive control under Cd stress. The same treatment improved shoot vitamin C (ascorbic acid) contents by 35% and functioning of antioxidant enzymes catalase and phenyl ammonia lyase by 16% and 51%, respectively and the levels of malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide decreased by 57% and 42%, respectively with the application of 20 mg/L CaONPs and 2% of FM. The gas exchange parameters such as stomata conductance and leaf net transpiration rate were improved due to FM mediated better availability of water. The FM improved soil nutrient contents and friendly biota culminating in good yields. Overall, 2% FM and 20 mg/L CaONPs proved as the best treatment to reduce cadmium toxicity. The growth, yield, and crop performance in terms of physiological and biochemical attributes can be improved by the application of CaONPs and FM under the heavy metal stress.
Background: Ethnobotanical study was continued from old civilization to date. Kashmir covered with 46 % vagatation and out of these many are naturally growing plants. Many areas are still unexplored the plants ethnomedicinal inportanmce of wild plants. In this regard, ethnobotanical survey on the unexplored area of District Anthmaqam, Azad Jummu & Kashmir was conducted for identification of wild plants and their ethnomedical values. Methods: The current research work was carried out by interviewing the local peoples through a questionnaire method. Data analysis was done by different novel statistical tools such as fidelity level (FL), Spearman’s rank correlation (SRC), informant consensus factor (ICF) and direct matrix ranking (DMR) strategies. The ethnobotanical uses of many wild plants were correlated with the plants who already used by societies in some countries of the world. But few plants are used as medicines only indigenous peoples and we reccomented these plants for peoples in other parts of countery as well as throughout the world in future. Results: Peoples used plants in daily life as in form of vegetables, fodder, fuel, timber as well as for medicinal purposes. Indegeneous peoples are using many types of wild plants to cure different diseases like asthma, dysentery, constipation, cold, fever, joint pain, wound healing, kidney infection and many types of skin diseases. Current study revealed on 103 plants species belonging to 46 plant families from selected area of District Neelum, Azad Jammu and Kashmir. It was observed that Asteraceae with 12 plants species was the the most prominant family occurs in the study area. Out of 103 plants, 75.72% have single-usage, 20.38% have dual-usages and 3.88% have multiple-usage. Among plant partused, leaves having the highest percentage (34 %) that are used by people of the study area for the treatment of different diseases followed by the root 25.2%. Powdered is the dosage form having highest percentage 38% followed by juice and mixture with 29% and 13%, respectively. Some plants used as fodder having highest percentage 37% followed by Food (vegetables and fruits) with 32%. Construction having lowest percentage with 6%. Different statistical tools were applied for more consize results elaboration as mentioned in method section. Data analysis through FL depicted that Allium griffithianum and Adiantum aethiopicum have highest fidelity level of 75% followed by the Mentha longifolia with fedility level of about 72 %. The highest ICF value for recorded for ear-ache and house-thatching (0.91) followed by the construction (0.89) while the lowest ICF value recorded for fodder (0.03) followed by blood purification (0.5). Spearman’s rank correlation test confirmed that the number of uses of plants increases with the increase in the number of species. Conclusions: The present research focused to explore the uses of plants in different purposes by experience of old peoples in the study area. Ethnobotanical research focused to explore the uses of plants in different purposes by experience of old peoples in the study area. Young gereration of the area did not know ethnobotanical importance of wild plants in the area. So, this study will be useful those peoples and researchers in different fields such as ethnopharmacology, agriculture and biotechnology for future work.
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