Exploration of Ethnobotanical and Ethnomedicinal Importance of Naturally Growing Plants of District Neelum From Areas of Dawarian to Ratti Gali, Azad Jammu and Kashmir

Abstract

Background: Ethnobotanical study was continued from old civilization to date. Kashmir covered with 46 % vagatation and out of these many are naturally growing plants. Many areas are still unexplored the plants ethnomedicinal inportanmce of wild plants. In this regard, ethnobotanical survey on the unexplored area of District Anthmaqam, Azad Jummu & Kashmir was conducted for identification of wild plants and their ethnomedical values. Methods: The current research work was carried out by interviewing the local peoples through a questionnaire method. Data analysis was done by different novel statistical tools such as fidelity level (FL), Spearman’s rank correlation (SRC), informant consensus factor (ICF) and direct matrix ranking (DMR) strategies. The ethnobotanical uses of many wild plants were correlated with the plants who already used by societies in some countries of the world. But few plants are used as medicines only indigenous peoples and we reccomented these plants for peoples in other parts of countery as well as throughout the world in future. Results: Peoples used plants in daily life as in form of vegetables, fodder, fuel, timber as well as for medicinal purposes. Indegeneous peoples are using many types of wild plants to cure different diseases like asthma, dysentery, constipation, cold, fever, joint pain, wound healing, kidney infection and many types of skin diseases. Current study revealed on 103 plants species belonging to 46 plant families from selected area of District Neelum, Azad Jammu and Kashmir. It was observed that Asteraceae with 12 plants species was the the most prominant family occurs in the study area. Out of 103 plants, 75.72% have single-usage, 20.38% have dual-usages and 3.88% have multiple-usage. Among plant partused, leaves having the highest percentage (34 %) that are used by people of the study area for the treatment of different diseases followed by the root 25.2%. Powdered is the dosage form having highest percentage 38% followed by juice and mixture with 29% and 13%, respectively. Some plants used as fodder having highest percentage 37% followed by Food (vegetables and fruits) with 32%. Construction having lowest percentage with 6%. Different statistical tools were applied for more consize results elaboration as mentioned in method section. Data analysis through FL depicted that Allium griffithianum and Adiantum aethiopicum have highest fidelity level of 75% followed by the Mentha longifolia with fedility level of about 72 %. The highest ICF value for recorded for ear-ache and house-thatching (0.91) followed by the construction (0.89) while the lowest ICF value recorded for fodder (0.03) followed by blood purification (0.5). Spearman’s rank correlation test confirmed that the number of uses of plants increases with the increase in the number of species. Conclusions: The present research focused to explore the uses of plants in different purposes by experience of old peoples in the study area. Ethnobotanical research focused to explore the uses of plants in different purposes by experience of old peoples in the study area. Young gereration of the area did not know ethnobotanical importance of wild plants in the area. So, this study will be useful those peoples and researchers in different fields such as ethnopharmacology, agriculture and biotechnology for future work.

Correlation Status of Cultural Significance Index to Characteristics of Krui Indigenous People as a Base for Repong Damar Conservation Efforts

“…Determination of the correlation between respondent characteristic variables is carried out using the Spearman Rank data analysis method. This test is used to determine the strength and level of relationship between two variables of observation [41,42]. The X variables in this study are the characteristics of respondents, such as the level of education, age of respondents, and duration of stay.…”

Response Catharanthus roseus to Plant Growth Regulators in vitro

“…Explants of Catharanthus (apical meristem or single-node) were collected from parts that must be healthy and free from pollutants and pathogens and then transferred explants to the laboratory to be washed well with tap water for about 30 minutes in order to remove the dust suspended in it, then it is dry and sprayed with 70% concentrated alcohol and Put in a beaker contain Clorox solution at three dilution ratio ( 8,10,12 ) To determine the best dilution ratio, then mixed with a magnetic stirrer for 20 minutes, and placed 2 drops Tween-80 . Finally washed 3 times with sterile distilled water for 5 minutes under aseptic conditions in a laminar airflow cabinet to remove any remnants of the sterilization material.…”

“…The juice extracted from the flowers of the plant catharanthaus was used to manufacture tea, which is owned and used by ayurvedic physicians in India for external use to treat skin: eczema, acne and dermatitis [7]. In China, the plant was used as an astringent, diuretic, and cough, the plant contains two terpene Indole alkaloids vinblastine and vincristine used for anticancer [8], and plant tissue culture, which is a IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1215/1/012030 2 technique of selecting cells or tissues and isolating them from the mother plant under high sterilization conditions and growing them in a previously sterilized nutrient medium [9]. Tissue culture applications are also very important in producing seedlings free from disease and increasing the micropropagation process [10].…”