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Endometriosis is a common benign disease of reproductive age women, and can involve the intestinal tract. Inconsistent clinical presentation, similar features on radiological imaging and colonoscopy with other inflammatory and malignant lesions of the bowel makes the preoperative diagnosis of bowel endometriosis difficult. We present a case of a 42-year-old perimenopausal female clinically presented, investigated and managed in the lines of carcinoma of sigmoid colon. She underwent terminal ileac resection with end to end anastomoses, Hartmann's procedure and total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingoophorectomy. The histopathological report revealed endometriosis of small intestine, large intestine, mesentery, right ovary and adenomyoma of uterus. Thus, bowel endometriosis should also be considered as differential diagnosis in reproductive age women with gastrointestinal symptoms or intestinal mass of uncertain diagnosis.

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Escherichia coli was the commonest pathogen and was uniformly sensitive to amikacin, which may be included among the initial antibiotics to treat puerperal sepsis in India.

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The significant rise in Cesarean Section (CS) rates in both developing as well as developed countries mandates a definitive protocol for preoperative preparation, intra-operative surgical principles and postoperative care. Apart from surgical and anesthesia related complications, post-operative infections following a CS can lead to puerperal sepsis, near-miss maternal morbidity and mortality. Post cesarean section infections are likely to become a health and economic burden and their prevention remains a public health priority. One such preventive measure is appropriate and timely use of antibiotics in both elective and emergency cesarean sections. The infections are usually poly-microbial, involving aerobic and anaerobic organisms.Role of antibiotic prophylaxis in CS is clearly demonstrated in various studies, but the dosage and the ideal drug, its timing and frequency still remains debatable and controversy.This article reviews on various studies in the recent past regarding recommendations on prophylactic antibiotic use in cesarean section.