The research focuses on the proposal of a Constitutional Complaint for the Indonesian Constitutional Court. The background causes of the constitutional weakness to protection and fulfilment of constitutional rights, especially the absence of a Constitutional Complaint mechanism. Research methods used normative legal research methods with statutory, analytical, and case approaches. The study results show that legal thinking, including an embodiment of the values of constitutionalism in the rule of law of Pancasila, complements a checks and balances system, the basis for protecting fundamental rights, and aims to realize good governance. There are several steps/ methods to giving this authority, amendments to the 1945 Constitution, non-original interpretations, and revision of the Constitutional Court Act. Several objects of dispute are the Court’s verdict, the problems of interpreting the 1945 Constitution and law by a state official, People Consultative Assembly decisions, and others.
The research focuses on the gender equality and justice interpretation of women's political rights in the Constitutional Court decisions. The problem is how does the interpretation of the constitution protect and fulfill women's political rights?. The research method is legal doctrinal, focusing on constitutional interpretation with several approaches, including the statutory, analytical, and case approaches. The result of the research shows that the function of the Court as a protector of women's political rights is a consequence of the existence of human rights in the 1945 Constitution. Its guarantees the constitutional review authority to protect human rights. Based on several decisions of the Court: affirmative action case, leadership positions in the house of representatives case, the women position of governor and vice governor's appointment in a Special Region of Yogyakarta. These decisions, which are above cases, are a form of protection and fulfillment of women's political rights in realizing gender equality and justice. Of course, it is motivated by the fact that women's representation must be present in every political decision-making in the national and local governance.
Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang peran pengaduan konstitusional Mahkamah Konstitusi Jerman (Bundesverfassungsgericht/ BVerfG). Pertanyaan penelitiannya adalah bagaimana sistem dan peran BVerfG dalam memberikan perlindungan hak fundamental warga negara? Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui sistem (urgensi, pengaturan) dan peran/ kinerja BverfG dalam menjalankan kewenangannya secara komprehensif. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan kasus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa BVerfG telah menerima 240.251 (98%) kasus pengaduan konstitusional sejak tahun 1951 – 2020 (6.000 kasus per tahun), dengan tingkat keberhasilan (putusan dikabulkan) sekitar kurang lebih 2% dari total putusan. Berdasarkan tiga kasus yang dianalisis yaitu putusan terkait pengawasan global, larangan pemakaian jilbab dalam legal traineeship, dan kasus the European Central Bank/ ECB’s asset purchase program menunjukkan bahwa pada tahun 2020, BVerfG melaksanakan peran yang baik dalam perlindungan hak fundamental warga negara dari putusan pegadilan yang melangar hak fundamental. Selain itu, peran yang baik juga dibuktikan dengan pengakuan negara lain yang menjadikannya sebagai rujukan dalam menata praktek Mahkamah Konstitusi di negaranya, baik yang menganut sistem hukum Eropa Kontinental maupun Anglo-Saxon. Bagi Indonesia, tentu menjadi referensi dalam penambahan kewenangan pengaduan konstitusional bagi Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia kedepan.
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