In this study, a microfluidic paper-based analytical device (μPAD) was integrated with a smartphone app capable of offline (without internet access) image processing and analysis for the rapid colorimetric detection of glucose. A selfinking stamp was used to form hydrophobic channels on a piece of paper-towel due to its superior water absorption efficiency. As demonstrated, the developed sensor was employed for the colorimetric detection of glucose in artificial saliva in the linear scope of 0 -1 mM with a calculated detection limit of 29.65 μM. The experimental results show that the quantitative analysis of glucose with the proposed smartphone platform could be completed in less than one minute. The app developed for the smartphone platform is capable of extracting the color-changing area with an embedded image processing tool which could address the problem of color uniformity in the detection zones of μPAD. The integrated platform has great potential to be used for non-invasive measurements of glucose in body fluids, like tears, sweat and saliva.
A schematic illustration of the strategy used to create a microenvironment consisting of micropatterns and CNT tracks. The new microenvironment allowed roughly positioning of PC12 cells and guidance of neural extensions.
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