Prolonged Electrical Stimulation of Neuronal PC12 Cells Using a Microchip

The impact of electrical stimulation protocols on neuronal cell survival and proliferation using cell-laden GelMA/graphene oxide hydrogels

“…2,3 PC12 cells are widely used to investigate the impact of ES on cell proliferation and neurodifferentiation, with increased cell growth, attachment and expression of neurodifferentiation markers after electrical stimulation. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] However, several of these in vitro investigations were mainly carried out on rigid 2D conductive flat surfaces, such as indium tin oxide (ITO) coated surfaces, [12][13][14] microchips, 7 or even in scaffolds where cells are only seeded on top of structures, 4,15 that even have a significant impact for the field regarding the changes in cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation do not represent a three-dimensional (3D) in vivo neural tissue environment. One of the limitations of 2D cell culture environments is that cells cannot penetrate and grow as in a cellular matrix, therefore not mimicking in vivo conditions, where the functional cellular platform for tissue engineering is required.…”

Evaluation of PC12 Cell Neural Differentiation on Graphene Coated ITO Microchips

“…It was thought that this distance will be sufficient for the extension of axon and dendritic structures. After the production of chrome masks, the fabrication of Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) interdigitated array electrode (IDA) microchips was made with use of photolithographic methods [4][5][6][7][8]. In the following microproduction step, patterning was carried out using chrome lithography mask produced specifically for the microchip.…”