Effect of vitamin E supplementation of sheep and goats fed diets supplemented with polyunsaturated fatty acids and low in Se There are situations of low supply of both micronutrients. As VitE is involved in ruminal biohydrogenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and their protection against oxidation in metabolism, diets supplemented with PUFA may challenge VitE to an extent making recommended supplies insufficient. Twelve goats and sheep each were fed a diet supplemented with PUFA and characterised by low Se and limited VitE contents during the last 2 months of gestation and the first 2 months of lactation. The basal diet consisted of hay and concentrate. Six goats and sheep received extra VitE, while the control groups received no extra VitE. Blood and milk samples were taken. In addition, liver, heart muscle and spleen samples were obtained from the offspring after slaughtering at an age of 8 weeks. No significant changes were observed in serum Se and VitE. A significant increase in serum VitE concentrations between 2 and 4 weeks postpartum (pp) was evident in the supplemented kids. In 4, 6 and 8 weeks pp, the serum concentrations of VitE in the supplemented kids were significantly higher compared to the unsupplemented group. In the kids, VitE was higher in liver of the supplemented groups. There were no significant differences in response to extra VitE between sheep and goat. The kids responded to serum VitE different from that of lambs, as a significant difference was observed between supplemented and unsupplemented animals in the goat kids, but not the lambs. In conclusion, goats and sheep have to be viewed differently and may not be considered alike relating to VitE/Se metabolism and requirements, especially in young animals. received no extra VitE. Blood and milk samples were taken. In addition, liver, heart muscle and spleen samples were obtained from the offspring after slaughtering at an age of eight weeks. No significant changes were observed in serum Se and VitE. A significant increase in serum VitE concentrations between two and four weeks pp was evident in the supplemented kids. Four, six and eight weeks pp, the serum concentrations of VitE in the supplemented kids were significantly higher compared to the unsupplemented group. In the kids, VitE was higher in livers of the supplemented groups. There were no significant differences in the response to extra VitE between sheep and goat. The kids responded in serum VitE different from the lambs, since a significant difference was observed in between supplemented and unsupplemented animals in the goat kids, but not the lambs. In conclusion, goats and sheep have to be looked at differently and may not be considered alike relating to VitE/Selen metabolism and requirements, especially in young animals. Effect of vitamin E supplementation2
Background: Renal bone pathology involves a spectrum from ‘high-turnover’ to ‘low-turnover bone disease’ (adynamic bone disease, classical osteomalacia). The diagnosis of the latter usually requires bone biopsy. Inhibitory parathyroid hormone (PTH) fragments may be useful for its noninvasive diagnosis. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in 54 patients on chronic hemodialysis which involved measurements of intact PTH (iPTH; Nichols assay), total PTH (tPTH; Scantibodies assay), and the cyclase-activating PTH fragment (CAP). The level of cyclase-inactive PTH fragment (CIP) was calculated. At the same time, serum calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase levels as well as the current therapy for secondary hyperparathyroidism were recorded. In selected patients, bone radiographs were evaluated for osteitis fibrosa. Results: A high correlation (r = 0.94) was found between iPTH and tPTH, with the tPTH levels being lower by 30–40%. A similar association was also found for CAP (r = 0.988) and for CIP (r = 0.93). 3 out of the 54 patients had a CAP/CIP ratio of ≤1 which has been associated with adynamic bone disease. A higher CIP ratio was significantly associated with the use of aluminum-hydroxide- and calcium-containing phosphate binders. Conclusions: iPTH and tPTH assays are highly correlated. In a general hemodialysis patient population, low-turnover bone disease appears to be rare, when the CAP/CIP ratio is used as a marker. A high CIP value was associated with therapy using aluminum hydroxide, a drug known to carry a risk of adynamic bone disease.
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