Purpose
– The Vietnam construction industry has considerably developed since 1986 as a result of “Doi Moi” or all-round renovation process. However, despite the pace of economic reforms, a number of challenges continue to plague the construction industry. The purpose of this paper is to revisit the factors causing construction project failure in Vietnam. Some of the selected best practices from Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS) and China, Indonesia, Vietnam, Egypt, Turkey, South Africa (CIVETS) are discussed.
Design/methodology/approach
– Using a mixed method approach, data were collected from construction stakeholders in Vietnam using a postal survey questionnaire and semi-structured interviews. The quantitative data were subjected to descriptive statistics using ranking and frequencies analysis, and qualitative data employed content analysis.
Findings
– Despite the lack of systematic approach to managing projects risks, there is a high level of acknowledgement regarding the importance of risk management practices. The highly ranked critical factors still causing construction project failure in Vietnam are: disregard of the significance of project planning process and project planning; lack of experience in executing complicated project; poor design capacity and frequent design changes; lack of knowledge and ability in managing construction projects; lack of financial capacity of owner; poor performance of contractors; lack of a systematic approach to managing the project and entire organisation; corruption and bribery in construction projects; the delays in payment; and economic volatility and high inflation.
Practical implications
– The identified and revisited project failure factors could be used as a “road map” for the revaluation, and development of appropriate project management practices.
Originality/value
– The construction sector has undergone through significant structural changes following “Doi Moi”. This study provides the opportunity to realign the strategies for addressing project failure factors and learning from comparative studies in BRICS and CIVETS countries.
Well-defined molecular
brushes bearing polypeptides as side chains
were prepared by a “grafting through” synthetic strategy
with two-dimensional control over the brush molecular architectures.
By integrating N-carboxyanhydride ring-opening polymerizations
(NCA ROPs) and ring-opening metathesis polymerizations (ROMPs), desirable
segment lengths of polypeptide side chains and polynorbornene brush
backbones were independently constructed in controlled manners. The
N2 flow accelerated NCA ROP was utilized to prepare polypeptide
macromonomers with different lengths initiated from a norbornene-based
primary amine, and those macromonomers were then polymerized via ROMP.
It was found that a mixture of dichloromethane and an ionic liquid
were required as the solvent system to allow for construction of molecular
brush polymers having densely-grafted peptide chains emanating from
a polynorbornene backbone, poly(norbornene-graft-poly(β-benzyl-l-aspartate)) (P(NB-g-PBLA)). Highly efficient
postpolymerization modification was achieved by aminolysis of PBLA
side chains for facile installment of functional moieties onto the
molecular brushes.
The
direct and facile synthesis of polyphosphoramidates (PPAs)
with acid-labile phosphoramidate backbone linkages are reported, together
with demonstration of their hydrolytic degradability, evaluated under
acidic conditions. The introduction of acid-labile linkages along
the polymer backbone led to rapid degradation of the polymer backbone
dependent upon the environmental stimuli. An oxazaphospholidine monomer
bearing a phosphoramidate linkage was designed and synthesized to
afford the PPAs via organobase-catalyzed ring-opening polymerization
in a controlled manner. The hydrolytic degradation of the PPAs was
studied, revealing breakdown of the polymer backbone through cleavage
of the phosphoramidate linkages under acidic conditions.
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