The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of exogenous emulsifier and lipase in diets on performance, digestibility, and organ biometry of broiler chickens. A completely randomised design with seven treatments and seven replications was adopted. The treatments were as follows: T1 (positive control; PC): 3000, 3100, 3200, and 3250 Kcal of metabolisable energy (ME) kg-1 of diet for phases 1 to 10, 11 to 21, 22 to 31, and 32 to 37 days, respectively; T2: PC with reduction in ME of 30 Kcal kg-1 of diet; T3: PC with reduction in ME of 60 Kcal kg-1 of feed; T4 (negative control; NC): PC with reduction in ME of 90 Kcal kg-1 of feed; T5: NC with inclusion of exogenous lipase (10 000 U kg-1); T6: NC with inclusion of emulsifier (250 g t-1); and T7: NC with inclusion of lipase (10 000 U kg-1) and emulsifier (250 g t-1) in the period from 1 to 37 days of rearing. Performance characteristics (weight gain (WG), feed intake (FI), and feed conversion (FC)), carcass yield, cut yield, the relative weight of abdominal fat and organs (small intestine, liver, and pancreas), and relative intestinal length, in addition to dry matter digestibility (CDADM), ethereal extract (CDAEE), crude metabolisable energy (CMACE), and apparent metabolisable energy (AME) of the diets, were evaluated. In the initial phase, the CDAEE was higher for the PC group than for the emulsifier + lipase group. The AME determined in the final phase for the group supplemented with an emulsifier was higher by approximately 50 Kcal (EM) than the NC group. The WG of the lipase group was similar to that of the PC group. However, the groups with emulsifier and emulsifier + lipase showed a lower WG than the PC group. The additives used did not recover the FC to the same level observed in the PC group. The reduction in ME of 90 Kcal kg-1 generated a lower WG and worse FC. The use of both an emulsifier and lipase together produced results like to the PC group. The biometrics of the organs and the carcass yield and cuts were not influenced by diets. Thus, it can be concluded that the inclusion of lipase and an emulsifier improves the performance of broilers given diets with reduced energy, although it does not improve the lipid utilisation of the diets.
Feed additives have a strong influence on the production cost of broilers as growth-promoter’s to cover variations in profits due to fluctuation in feed costs. Antibiotics as additives were fundamental and indispensable, however, studies have shown their connection with the emergence of resistant strains of pathogens in animals and humans, therefore in recent years they have been less encouraged. Research is in progress concerning additives that can replace antibiotics as growth promotors and also as prophylactics. It was demonstrated that probiotics, which are living microorganisms and without residual effect’s have a potential to be used as microbials. However, they are not always guaranteed as growth promoters, as there are mechanisms of action regarding their interaction with the host that cannot yet be properly understood. The main advances in the use of probiotics in broilers in recent years, as well as the gaps, challenges, and future perspectives were carefully discussed and analyzed in this study. It was considered as a future premise, the possibility of reviewing the traditional methodologies used to test the hypotheses related to the effect of probiotics in broilers, which may also be extended to other animal species.
Este estudo prospectivo tem por objetivo quantificar documentos de patentes e tecnologias correlatas sobre o revestimento comestível em pescado, na base de dados do Espacenet. As buscas foram realizadas em abril de 2021 no banco de dados do Espacenet. A partir dos resultados integrais obtidos foram combinados os termos “edible coating”, fish e antimicrobial seguidos por um conectivo integrativo AND entre as palavras, para posterior seleção do CIP adequado, onde uma nova busca foi realizada utilizando o campo de “busca avançada”, incorporando o CIP e os termos relacionados. A análise por meio da tabela de escopo geral permitiu selecionar o código A23P20/10, que se refere ao revestimento com revestimentos comestíveis, formando o termo de busca “edible coating” AND fish AND A23P20/10. Foram selecionados 29 documentos, dos quais, seis tratavam diretamente do pescado e seu revestimento, distribuídos nos anos de 1998 (2), 1999 (1), 2005 (1), 2009 (1) e 2011 (1), sendo, portanto, 23 dos registros obtidos, referentes as tecnologias correlatas. O maior detentor de patentes foram os EUA, com sete patentes. Entre o total de documentos avaliados, 66% foram requeridos por empresas.
SUMMARY This work evaluated the effect of including sweet potato meal (SPM), as an alternative to corn in broiler chicken diets, on performance, carcass yield, intestinal morphometry, organ biometry, meat quality and drumstick pigmentation. The study used 936 male Cobb-500 chicks. The experiment had a completely randomized, 3x2 factorial design, with three diet types. These included corn as the energetic ingredient in the standard diet (corn-soybean meal, CSM), and an increasing (ISP) and decreasing (DSP) inclusion of sweet potato meal as a corn substitute, in association with exogenous enzymes, for a total of six treatments with six repetitions and 26 birds per plot. During the period of 1 to 21 days, there was an interaction (P<0.05) for the weight gain (WG) variable; the CSM diets promoted greater WG in relation to the ISP and DSP groups, when supplemented with exogenous enzymes. There was an increase (P<0.05) in surface absorption of the jejunum villi and relative weight of the pancreas, and worse feed conversion (FC), for the ISP and DSP diets. With exception of the pancreas, for the entire period of 1 to 39 days the performance, yield of the carcass and cuts, meat quality, relative weight of the liver, and feet pigmentation variables were not affected (P>0.05) by the factors evaluated. Sweet potato meal, independent of the inclusion program (ISP/DSP) and enzyme supplementation, could partially substitute corn in broiler chicken feed, guaranteeing good performance, carcass yield and meat quality.
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