Resumo Objetivo: caracterizar a exposição ocupacional, percepção do risco, práticas de segurança e fatores associados ao uso de equipamento de proteção individual (EPI) durante a manipulação de agrotóxicos. Métodos: estudo transversal com amostra representativa de agricultores de Santa Maria de Jetibá, Espírito Santo. Procedeu-se à caracterização sociodemográfica e ocupacional dos agricultores com exposição direta a agrotóxicos e a identificação dos ingredientes ativos e classificação toxicológica dos produtos utilizados. Resultados: foram referidas 106 marcas comerciais, 45 grupos químicos e 77 ingredientes ativos. Houve predomínio do herbicida glifosato. Dos 550 agricultores avaliados 89% referiram uso de agrotóxicos extremamente tóxicos, 56,3% utilizavam mais de cinco agrotóxicos e 51% trabalhavam há mais de 20 anos em contato direto com estes produtos. Metade não lia rótulo dos agrotóxicos, mais de um terço não observava o tempo de carência para colheita e reaplicação e nem o de reentrada na lavoura; 71,4% não utilizavam EPI ou utilizavam de forma incompleta. Entre os fatores associados à não utilização do EPI, destaca-se a classe socioeconômica (p = 0,002), baixa escolaridade (p = 0,05), falta de suporte técnico (p < 0,001) e não leitura dos rótulos (p < 0,001). Conclusão: os agricultores apresentaram exposição ocupacional prolongada a múltiplos agrotóxicos de elevada toxidade, referindo práticas inseguras de manuseio.

Background The eating habits have changed in the last few decades, but few studies prioritize the food consumption of farmers and the rural population. Therefore, the objective of this study was explore the sociodemographic, occupational and lifestyle factors to the high adherence these dietary patterns. Methods This is a cross-sectional epidemiological study of 740 farmers (51.5%, n = 381 males; 48.5%, n = 359 females) from a municipality in Southeastern Brazil. Food intake data were obtained by applying multipass 24-h recall and dietary intake was presented in dietary patterns determined by Principal Component Analysis with varimax orthogonal rotation. Results Three dietary patterns were identified. The first pattern, “local traditional”, was associated with sociodemographic and labor variables, being considered typical of the region’s farmer as white race/color (p = 0.003), not extra-physical activity (p = 0.014) and cultivating 5 or more crops (p = 0.005). The permanence of a “traditional Brazilian” pattern and the occurrence of an “industrialized” pattern were also observed. Farmers working in non-conventional agriculture were 54% less adhere to “traditional Brazilian” pattern (OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.25–0.86, p = 0.014). Individuals aged 50 and over years were 82% less likely (OR 0.18, 95% CI 0.10–0.30) to adhere to “industrialized” pattern. Still, individuals of lower socioeconomic class were 52% less likely to adhere to this pattern (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.24–0.96). Farmers who spent R$ 200 or more per capita to buy food were more than twice as likely to adhere to this food pattern (OR 2.22, 95% CI 1.32–3.73), and who had the habit of frequently eating out were 1.62 as likely adhere to “industrialized” pattern (95% CI 1.11–2.36). Conclusions The findings indicate changes in dietary patterns in rural areas of the country, maintaining a traditional Brazilian pattern, as well as a local and an industrialized pattern. This last pattern demonstrates that the contemporary rural population also opts for a diet with ultra-processed products, being associated with the characteristic habits of a more urbanized rural region.

Background: The eating habits have changed in the last few decades, but few studies prioritize the food consumption of farmers and the rural population. In this scenario, the objective of this paper was to define the dietary patterns of farmers in a Brazilian municipality and explore the sociodemographic, occupational and lifestyle factors to the high adherence these dietary patterns. Methods: This is a cross-sectional epidemiological study of 740 farmers (51.5%, n=381 males; 48.5%, n=359 females) from a municipality in Southeastern Brazil. Food intake data were obtained by applying multipass 24-hour recall and dietary intake was presented in dietary patterns determined by Principal Component Analysis with varimax orthogonal rotation.Results: Three dietary patterns were identified. The first pattern, “local traditional”, was associated with sociodemographic and labor variables, being considered typical of the region's farmer as white race/color (p=0.003), not extra-physical activity (p=0.014) and cultivating 5 or more crops (p=0.005). The permanence of a “traditional Brazilian” pattern and the occurrence of an “industrialized” pattern were also observed. Farmers working in non-conventional agriculture were 54% less adhere to “traditional Brazilian” pattern (OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.25–0.86, p=0.014). Individuals aged 50 and over years were 82% less likely (OR 0.18, 95% CI 0.10–0.30) to adhere to “industrialized” pattern. Still, individuals of lower socioeconomic class were 52% less likely to adhere to this pattern (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.24–0.96). Farmers who spent R$ 200 or more per capita to buy food were more than twice as likely to adhere to this food pattern (95% CI 1.32–3.73), and who had the habit of frequently eating out were 1.62 as likely adhere to “industrialized” pattern (95% CI 1.11–2.36). Conclusion: The findings indicate changes in dietary patterns in rural areas of the country, maintaining a traditional Brazilian pattern, as well as a local and an industrialized pattern. This last pattern demonstrates that the contemporary rural population also opts for a diet with ultra-processed products, being associated with the characteristic habits of a more urbanized rural region.

Resumo Diante da extensão dos custos decorrentes das doenças cardiovasculares e do aumento na prevalência dessas doenças em agricultores este estudo tem como objetivo estimar a prevalência de fatores de risco cardiovascular nesta população e avaliar seus fatores associados. Foi realizado estudo transversal envolvendo 790 agricultores do município de Santa Maria de Jetibá-ES. Seis em cada dez agricultores avaliados apresentaram pelo menos um fator de risco cardiovascular (FRC). A hipertensão arterial foi o fator de risco mais prevalente, presente em 35,8% (IC95% 32-39, n=283) dos agricultores seguido pela dislipidemia (34,4%, IC95% 31-38, n = 272). Ter mais que 50 anos aumentou em 5,6 vezes (IC95% 2,03-15,43) a chance de apresentar dois ou mais FRC, possuir perímetro da cintura elevado ou dobra cutânea triciptal indicando excesso de peso aumentou esta chance em 2,35 vezes (IC95% 1,47-3,76) e em 1,6 vezes (IC95% 1,05-2,44), respectivamente. Estes achados revelam a elevada prevalência de FRC em trabalhadores rurais e o significativo impacto da idade e do acúmulo de gordura corporal no desenvolvimento destes fatores, demonstrando a necessidade de intensificar políticas públicas de saúde voltadas para esta população.

No abstract

Objectives To characterize the occupational exposure to pesticides, risk perception, safety practices and factors associated with the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) during the handling of pesticides in a municipality in southeastern Brazil. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out with a representative sample of 550 farmers from Santa Maria de Jetibá, the main agricultural municipality in the state of Espírito Santo/Brazil. The sociodemographic and occupational characterization of farmers with direct exposure to pesticides and the analysis of the chemical and toxicological characteristics of the products used were carried out. Results There were 106 brands of pesticides totaling 45 chemical groups and 77 different active ingredients. Glyphosate diammonium salt was the most active active ingredient and was used by 66.4% of the farmers (n = 339), followed by the fungicide mancozeb (58.4%, n = 298) and the herbicide paraquate dichloride (58% , n = 296). Of the farmers evaluated, approximately 90% (n = 453) reported use of highly toxic agrochemicals, 56.3% (n = 276) used more than five pesticides and 51% (n = 274) worked 20 years ago in direct contact with these products . Approximately half of the farmers reported not reading the pesticide label (49.4%, n = 254), more than a third did not observe the time required to harvest, reapply and re-enter the crop and 71.4% (n = 380) did not use PPE or used it incompletely. The most cited reason for not using protective equipment was because they were uncomfortable (41.4%, n = 48). Several factors were associated with non-use, such as low socioeconomic class (P = 0.002), low educational level (P = 0.05), lack of technical support (P < 0.001) and no reading of the labels (P < 0.001). Conclusions This study confirms the severity of occupational exposure to agrochemicals among Brazilian farmers. It was identified a population of rural workers exposed cumulatively to multiple pesticides, most of them of high toxicity. Unsafe handling practices such as the non-use of PPE and non-compliance with the grace periods for re-entry, reapplication and harvesting were also observed, posing a risk to the farmer's health and the food safety of consumers. Funding Sources Foundation for Research Support of Espírito Santo (FAPES). Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

Background : The eating habits have changed in the last few decades, but few studies prioritize the food consumption of farmers and the rural population. Therefore, the objective of this study was to define the dietary patterns of farmers in a Brazilian municipality and evaluate their association with sociodemographic, occupational and lifestyle factors. Methods : This is a cross-sectional epidemiological study of 740 farmers (51.5%, n=381 males) from a municipality in Southeastern Brazil. Food intake data were obtained by applying three 24-hour recalls and dietary intake was presented in dietary patterns determined by Principal Component Analysis with varimax orthogonal rotation. Results : Three dietary patterns were identified. The first pattern, “local traditional”, was associated with sociodemographic and labor variables, being considered typical of the region's farmer. The permanence of a “traditional Brazilian” pattern and the occurrence of an “industrialized” pattern were also observed. Individuals aged 50 and over years were 82% less likely (OR 0.18, 95% CI 0.10–0.30) to adhere to “industrialized” pattern than those aged 30 and under. Still, individuals of socioeconomic class D or E were 52% less likely to adhere to this pattern (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.24–0.96). Farmers who spent R$ 200 or more per capita to buy food were more than twice as likely to adhere to this food pattern (OR 2.22, 95% CI 1.32–3.73), and who had the habit of frequently eating out were 1.62 as likely adhere to “industrialized” pattern (95% CI 1.11–2.36). Conclusions : The findings indicate changes in dietary patterns in rural areas of the country, maintaining a traditional Brazilian pattern, as well as a local and an industrialized pattern. This last pattern demonstrates that the contemporary rural population also opts for a diet with ultra-processed products, being associated with the characteristic habits of a more urbanized rural region.

Background: The eating habits have changed in the last few decades, but few studies prioritize the food consumption of farmers and the rural population. Therefore, the objective of this study was to define the dietary patterns of farmers in a Brazilian municipality and evaluate their association with sociodemographic, occupational and lifestyle factors. Methods: This is a cross-sectional epidemiological study of 740 farmers (51.5%, n=381 males; 48.5%, n=359 females) from a municipality in Southeastern Brazil. Food intake data were obtained by applying multipass 24-hour recall and dietary intake was presented in dietary patterns determined by Principal Component Analysis with varimax orthogonal rotation. Results: Three dietary patterns were identified. The first pattern, “local traditional”, was associated with sociodemographic and labor variables, being considered typical of the region's farmer as white race/color (p=0.003), not extra-physical activity (p=0.014) and cultivating 5 or more crops (p=0.005). The permanence of a “traditional Brazilian” pattern and the occurrence of an “industrialized” pattern were also observed. Farmers working in non-conventional agriculture were 54% less adhere to “traditional Brazilian” pattern (OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.25–0.86, p=0.014). Individuals aged 50 and over years were 82% less likely (OR 0.18, 95% CI 0.10–0.30) to adhere to “industrialized” pattern. Still, individuals of lower socioeconomic class were 52% less likely to adhere to this pattern (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.24–0.96). Farmers who spent R$ 200 or more per capita to buy food were more than twice as likely to adhere to this food pattern (OR 2.22, 95% CI 1.32–3.73), and who had the habit of frequently eating out were 1.62 as likely adhere to “industrialized” pattern (95% CI 1.11–2.36). Conclusions: The findings indicate changes in dietary patterns in rural areas of the country, maintaining a traditional Brazilian pattern, as well as a local and an industrialized pattern. This last pattern demonstrates that the contemporary rural population also opts for a diet with ultra-processed products, being associated with the characteristic habits of a more urbanized rural region.