Anburaj et al.: β-Amyrin induces ROS-mediated apoptosisIt is aimed to investigate the effect of β-amyrin on p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and Jun N-terminal kinase pathways and apoptosis in HeLa cells. HeLa treated cells were divided into 6 groups, group I-HeLa untreated cells as control, group II-dimethyl sulfoxide serve as vehicle control, group III-cisplatin as standard drug, group IV-β-amyrin-treated HeLa cells, group V-cells were pretreated with 100 μm N-acetyl-L-cystein for 1 hour and then treated with cisplatin and group VI-cells were pretreated with 100 μm N-acetyl-L-cystein for 1 hour and then treated with β-amyrin. The antiproliferative effect was measured using the MTT assay. Genotoxic effects were studied using micronucleus assay. Total reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide and caspase 3 level were determined on a spectrofluorimeter and colorimeter. Protein expression was analyzed by immunoblotting. β-Amyrin (10-200 μm) and cisplatin (0.01-100 μm) had an inhibitory effect on the proliferation of cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner, with the IC50 values at 100 μm and 10 μm for β-amyrin and cisplatin, respectively. Western blot analysis revealed expressions of apoptotic pathway related proteins, Bcl-2, caspase-3, caspase-9, phospho-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and phospho-Jun N-terminal kinase, growth arrest and deoxyribonucleic acid-damage-inducible, beta in all groups. Genotoxic effects were observed after treatment with β-amyrin as well as with cisplatin. It was observed that HeLa cells showed significant elevation of total reactive oxygen species after β-amyrin treatment. Protein expression analysis showed that the β-amyrin upregulated phospho-p38 mitogenactivated protein kinase, phospho-Jun N-terminal kinase and growth arrest and deoxyribonucleic aciddamage-inducible, beta on HeLa cells. Increased phospho-Jun N-terminal kinase directly activated caspases and decreased Bcl-2 in HeLa cells. These results indicated that β-amyrin induced the apoptosis through reactive oxygen species-mediated mechanism by activating p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and Jun N-terminal kinase through transcriptional factor, GADD45β. In turn, activated Jun N-terminal kinase directly activated caspase-9 and caspase-3 and destined the HeLa cells to apoptosis.
Background: Workplace violence is gaining prevalence throughout the globe in all the institutions, which deals the general public and the hospitals are no exception to it, since it caters a service which connects the emotional component of the patient and their escorts. Objectives: Aims to evaluate the reasons for selecting the Medical Profession, prevalence of insecurity and its impact on career selection among the medical students. Material & Method:A cross-sectional study was conducted among the medical students of Sri Lakshmi Narayana Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry. A Pre-designed and semi structured questionnaire was framed to collect data from 260 medical students during the period of February-April 2019 and analyzed using SPSS software, version 21. Results: Among the study population, the reason for selecting the medical profession recorded is 57% (147) due to self-interest, since they wanted to serve the humanity, 33.07% (86) joined out of their parents wish, 10.38%(27) said they chose since it is a lucrative profession. 72% of the participants said that doctors are at the higher risk of being victims of violence and the main reason is the manipulation of the news telecasted by the media. According to the students, the specialities with high risk are emergency medicine, surgery, OG and hence they wish to choose dermatology, radiology which are at a lower risk. Conclusion:Violence against doctors is one of the influencing factors for the medical students in deciding their future career and hence Government & Institution should take measures to protect doctors.
Background of the study: Hamstring is a group of muscle essential for flexion of knee and extension of hip.Hence hamstring flexibility is essential for the activities of Daily Living. Hamstring tightness may decrease the output of a person's activity. Objective: The purpose of the study is to find the effectiveness of two PNF stretching techniques (Hold Relax and Contract Relax-Antagonist Contract) on improving hamstring flexibility. Materials and Methods: Samples are randomly selected from the college students and divided in to two equal groups. Each group consists of 15 samples. Group A treated with hold-relax stretching, Group B treated with contract relax antagonist relax stretching. Samples are positioned in supine lying with hip and knee flexed at 90degree. Straps are used for the stabilization of hip and lower extremity. For each group stretching technique was performed 3 times in a week. The total period of experiment was 6 weeks. At the end of each week, the knee extension was measured with the help of universal goniometer. Result: Both the group have reported increase in hamstring flexibility. Group-Bwith Contract Relax-Antagonist Contract found more effective in improving hamstring flexibility with significant difference of P<0.001.Conclusion: This study shows that both PNF hold relax and PNF contract relax antagonist contract stretching is effective in improving hamstring flexibility. However PNF contract relax antagonist contract stretching technique was better than PNF hold relax stretching technique in improving the hamstring muscle flexibility.
Diabetes mellitus is a serious debilitating longtime illness that grows in nearly 5% of the world’s peoples. People with this illness have a shortage of insulin or lessen capacity to use insulin; the hormone controlled blood glucose level. The study aims to assess the Karaya powder application among diabetic mellitus clients. The study was conducted in Mappedu village with 60 samples. The data was collected by using Structure interview questionnaires on Karaya powder. The result revealed that extract has significant effect increase knowledge on Karaya powder application on diabetic wound healing among diabetic clients.
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