Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction mediated neuro apoptosis is reported to play a major role in the pathology of Parkinson's disease. fruits (ZSCF) are used as traditional medicines that are well-known for their high antioxidant properties. In the present study, we investigated the protective effects of ZSCF extract against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP) induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cell lines. The effect of ZCSF on MPP induced cell viability (MTT - 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide assay), membrane damage - (lactate dehydrogenase (LDH),  oxidative stress  (levels of ROS, nitric oxide and GSH and activities of SOD and catalase),  mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptosis (activity of caspase 3 and protein expressions of cyto c, Bax and Bcl-2) were measured. Our results showed that ZSCF could be able to reduce the neurotoxicity of MPP and offer neuroprotection This protective effect of ZCF might be mediated by its potent antioxidant properties. However, further research is necessary to isolate active compounds and performing preclinical and clinical studies to confirm the neuro-protective effects of ZSCF in PD.

Marine macroalgae are abundant reservoir for biologically active molecules with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic and protease inhibition activities. Neurodegeneration is a relentless neurological disorder which is characterized by progressive atrophy in the nervous system. The multifunctional properties of glycosides from macroalgae could be utilized to treat diverse pathologic aetiologies of various human diseases. The study aimed to characterize the therapeutically effective flavonol glycosides from methanolic extracts of Turbinaria ornata to prevent neurologic progressive atrophy. Subsequently the two major fractions of methanolic extracts (i.e. MWTO, fraction from 50% methanol and MTO, fraction from absolute methanol) were purified and eluted through column chromatography and confined as glycosides. MWTO fraction showed effective antioxidant, anti-proteolytic, anti-haemolytic and anticoagulant activities than MTO fraction. MWTO also exhibited promising acetylcholine and butyrylcholine esterase inhibition activities. The in-vitro study revealed that MWTO could prevent cytotoxicity and ROS formation in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and significantly enhance the cell proliferation, thus could halt the progressive atrophy of the disease in the neurons. Later, MWTO was subjected to chemical characterization by HPLC, FTIR and UHPLC-ESI/MS and predicted the aglycone molecule of flavonol glycoside as oleanolic acid. Therefore, the active therapeutic flavonol glycoside from MWTO could be used to combat neurodegeneration and related diseases.

Seaweed’s are abundant reservoir for biologically active molecules with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic and protease inhibition activities. The multifunctional properties of glycosides from seaweed could be utilized to treat diverse pathologic aetiologies of various human diseases. There are many pathological implications, of which the neurodegeneration is a relentless neurological disorder, which is characterized by progressive atrophy in the nervous system. Reports on the use of bioactive molecules from the seaweeds for the neurodegeneration is least explored. The present study characterizes the therapeutically important active molecule from the methanolic extracts of Turbinaria ornata and was used to assess the neurological progressive atrophy ability of the same. Two major fractions, MWTO (Methanol: Water (1:1) fraction from T. ornata) and MTO (Methanol fraction from T. ornata) were purified and eluted by column chromatography and the functional group was found to be glycoside’s. The MWTO fraction showed promising antioxidant, anti-proteolytic, anti-haemolytic and anticoagulant properties compared to the MTO fraction. The acetylcholine and butyrylcholine esterase inhibition activity of the MWTO were observed as 92.21% and 54.45% at 250µg, respectively. The in-vitro study revealed that MWTO could prevent cytotoxicity and ROS formation in SH-SY5Y cells and significantly enhance the cell proliferation (50%), thus could halt the progressive atrophy of the disease in the neurons. Later, MWTO was subjected to chemical characterization by UHPLC-ESI/MS and predicted the aglycone molecule of triterpenoid Oleanolic acid with the deprotonated molecular mass of 455m/z. Therefore, the therapeutically active MWTO could be used to combat neurodegeneration and related diseases.

Tannic acid is ubiquitously occurring plant polyphenol which is found in most of the beverages such as wine, beer, black and green tea and several food stuffs such as grapes, bananas, peas, sorghum, chocolates and lentis. It is reported to have antioxidants. Anti-mutagenic, anti-cancer and neuroprotective effects. The present study is designed to evaluate the anti-parkinsonic role of TA against rotenone induced rat model of PD by analysing the levels of dopamine, oxidants and activities of antioxidants. Animals were randomized and divided into 4 groups, control, rotenone treated, rotenone+TA treated and TA alone treated. Rotenone injection, enhanced the levels of DA and TBARS, diminished the levels of GSH and activities of SOD, catalase and GPx. Oral administration of TA attenuated the rotenone induced toxicity by its neuroprotective and antioxidant properties.