he present study was designed to investigate the effect of including dried guava waste (GW) in diets of Ossimi lambs on growth performance, apparent diet digestibility, carcass characteristics and economic efficiency. Eighteen Ossimi male lambs (average body weight of 28.4±1.7kg) were divided randomly into three experimental groups (6 lambs each). Control group was fed diet based on corn and soybean meal, GW was added as a feed ingredient in the diet at levels of 10% and 20% and fed to other groups (D1 and D2), respectively for 12 weeks. Animals were housed individually in clean and hygienic pens. Body weight was measured weekly and feed consumption was recorded daily. Digestibility trial was conducted and digestion coefficient was calculated for diet dry matter (DM) and nutrients. At the end of study, three animals from each group were slaughtered and carcass traits were evaluated. At the end of experiment, blood samples were collected for analysis and serum biochemistry. Economic feasibility was evaluated for using GW in the diet. Results showed that there were no significant differences between groups in growth performance parameters between groups. Similar findings were recorded for digestibility of DM and nutrients. Addition of 10% and 20% of GW in the diets did not negatively affect blood picture or serum biochemistry and results showed no significant differences in carcass traits and meat analysis. Economical profitability was significantly found when feeding 20% GW in the diet. It can be concluded that GW can be utilized effectively at a level of 20% of the diet without adverse effect on performance, digestibility, carcass traits or health parameters of Ossimi lambs.
Pomegranate peels (PP) and mango leaves (ML) were analysed for nutrients and tannin contents. In an in vitro test, ten diets were prepared; six contained 2, 4 and 6% of PP or ML, three diets supplemented with mixed levels of PP and ML (1 + 1%, 2 + 2% and 3 + 3%) and control diet free of them. Gas was measured after 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h of incubation. Methane and rumen parameters were estimated. In an in vivo experiment, 40 Ossimi lambs were divided into four groups; the first was control, other groups (T1, T2 and T3) fed diets containing 6% PP, 6% ML or mix levels (3% PP + 3%ML), respectively, for 2 months. Results showed that PP and ML were rich in tannins. In the in vitro test, a maximum reduction in gas, methane and NH3-N was in 6% PP, 6% ML and mixed levels (3% PP + 3% ML). In the in vivo experiment, there were no differences in growth and digestibility of DM and nutrients between treatment groups. Only a lowered DM intake and protein digestibility in lambs fed 6% PP. Gas and methane emission was decreased significantly in lambs fed 6% PP, compared to other groups. TVFAs and NH3-N were decreased for treatment groups. Also, all treatments did not show any pathological changes in liver function or on oxidative stress markers. In conclusion, PP and ML can be used in sheep diets at inclusion levels of 6% and mixture without detrimental effects on general health of Ossimi lambs.
his experiment was carried out at a private rabbit farm under supervision of Banha University Animal Feed Professors duration time from May to July 2014 on 48New Zealand white young male rabbits at 6 weeks of age and about 675 to 717 grams live body weight were divided into four groups (each group contains 12 male rabbits and three replicates) to investigate the effect of feeding different levels of dried water hyacinth leaves and stems (0, 25, 50, 75% of Egyptian clover Hay) on rabbits growth and digestibility during 8 weeks of experiment. The results showed non-significant effects on rabbits live body weight and feed intake during 8 weeks of experiment for different levels of water hyacinth. Best final body weight in control group followed by second group, third group and first group of rabbits were 2045, 2008, 1938 and 1896 grams, respectively. Rabbits average daily weight gain, feed conversion and economical feed efficiency during all experiment duration showed a significant (P‹0.05) different between feeding groups. Highly daily gain in control group followed by second group, third group and first group of rabbits were 24.62, 23.08, 22.13 and 20.56 grams, respectively. Rabbits of the second feeding group (feeding 25% water hyacinth) gave the significant worst average feed conversion (3.56 feed/gain), while control group recorded the best one (3.06 feed/gain). Present results conclude that, dried water hyacinth leaves and stems may be used as a feed for rabbits to replace 50% water hyacinth of clover hay in concentrate feed mixture without negative effect on rabbits growth, feed conversion, economic efficiency and digestibility.
Microalgae are one of the most important sources of natural bioactive compounds, especially those revealing antioxidant activity such as β-carotene. Thus, this study was to compare the effects of dietary Vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) or Vitamin E (αtocopherol) with β-carotene extracted from Arthrospira platensis on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) on growth, feed utilization, blood indices, antioxidant activity, non-specific immunological indices and related gene expression. Three hundred and sixty apparent healthy Nile tilapia (5.80 ± 0.286 g) were randomly distributed into four groups. Four isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were performed. A control diet was compared against three experimental diets supplemented with Vitamin C (0.5 mg kg −1 diet), Vitamin E (1 g kg −1 diet) or β-carotene (0.5 g kg −1 diet) for 10 weeks.According to the results, there was no significant difference in feed intake (p > 0.05) between experimental diets. Dietary Vitamins C and E and β-carotene significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced the weight gain, final body weight, protein efficiency ratio, specific growth rate and apparent protein utilization in all groups, whereas the best FCR (p = 0.017) and the highest weight gain (p = 0.007) were detected in the β-carotene diet. Fish survival rates differed significantly (p < 0.05) amongst treatments, whilst fish fed a diet supplemented with β-carotene recorded the highest survival rate. The supplemental diet with β-carotene boosted the values of the biochemical and haematological parameters (p < 0.05) compared with the control diet. The activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in the liver (p = 0.0560; p = 0.0032; p = 0.0353 respectively) and tilapia muscles were higher in fish fed either β-carotene or Vitamin E (p = 0.0579; p = 0.1494; p = 0.2145 respectively) than other groups. The highest values of SOD, CAT and immune globulin M-2 gene expression (p < 0.05) were found in fish fed a diet enriched with β-carotene.These results suggested that the dietary incorporation of β-carotene had a superior impact on growth performance, haemato-biochemical and immune-oxidative stress biomarkers in addition to the associated gene expression of Oreochromis niloticus.
The present study aims to focus on the effect of the sublethal rates of Lambda-cyhalothrin +Thiamethoxam and Lambda-cyhalothrin, which belonging to groups 3 and 4 on the 4 th larval instar of Spodoptera littoralis field strain under laboratory conditions, and their effect on some physiological aspects, post-treatment with rates 50 and 100 ml/200L for 48 hrs. The results cleared that highly physiological disturbance was recognized as marked stimulating in total protein, total lipids, trehalase, AchE, and acid phosphatase synthesis however, inhibit amylase, invertase and alkaline phosphatase for lambda-cyhalothrin + Thiamethoxam. The tested sublethal rate of lambda-cyhalothrin, also be highly affected by stimulating total protein, invertase, trehalase, AchE, acid and alkaline phosphatases. On the other hand, inhibits total lipids and amylase synthesis in insect cells.
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