<p class="abstract">Polymorphic eruption of pregnancy (PEP), also known as pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy [PUPPP] is the most common of all the specific dermatoses of pregnancy. It is a benign, self-resolving, pruritic disorder of pregnancy, usually affecting primigravida during the last trimester of pregnancy or immediately postpartum. Its exact pathogenesis is still unknown, and its clinical presentations are variable. It may mimic many common dermatoses. In PEP, the histological findings are non-contributory and the laboratory results, including direct and indirect immunofluorescence are negative. Diagnosis mainly depends on clinical findings. Significant diagnostic confusion may occur with early lesions of pemphigoid gestationis, which needs to be differentiated from PEP as the former may have a bad fetal outcome. PEP is not associated with any fetal or maternal risk, and symptomatic treatment is all that is usually required. The awareness of this condition helps the physician recognize this entity, reassure the patient, and avoid unnecessary investigations. This review focuses on etiology, various clinical presentations, differential diagnosis, and management of PEP.</p>
Background: Osteoarthritis (OA), the most common kind of arthritis, affects millions of people throughout the world. This problem occurs when the protective cartilage that cushions the ends of the bones wears away over time. The goal of this study was to draw attention to the link between osteoarthritis and a number of endocrine illnesses in the Saudi population. Methods: This was a cross-sectional research with the goal of shedding light on the link between osteoarthritis and endocrine problems. The research was conducted in Saudi Arabia at colleges, hospitals, and shopping centers. During the months of June to November 2021, data was collected from patients and the general public. Results: The study included 743 participants. Among them, there were, 519 females (69.9%) and 224 males (30.1%). The most prevalent age group was 20-30 years (n= 354, 47.6%). Majority of study participants were Saudi (n= 713, 96%) and the rest were non-Saudi. The mean body mass index (BMI) among study participants was 29.47 + 7.53 with median BMI of 30 kg/m2. It was found that 85 participants took anti-inflammatory drugs for more than twice per week during the last three months (11.4%). It is noticed that the prevalence of autoimmune disease among study participants is low. However, female participants were higher in hypothyroid (P= 0.001). Conclusion: Finally, it appears that weight, rather than IR, explains the relationship between endocrine disease and knee OA. Individuals with arthritic knee pain may benefit from endocrine disease therapy since the accumulation of endocrine disease components is connected to a higher degree of knee discomfort, independent of age, sex, or weight.
Infectious diseases in the elderly population pose a significant threat to their lives. Neglected tropical diseases significantly impact the health of the affected patients and populations at risk. Reports show that many of these disorders are among the highest ten most typical causes of disability-adjusted life years. In the present literature review, we have discussed the most common neglected tropical infections in geriatrics based on data from the current studies in the literature. Different infections can affect the geriatric population. However, evidence shows that this population is susceptible to developing severe disease-related conditions. This has been reported with dengue infection, onchocerciasis, and cholera. It has been demonstrated that ocular lesions and other clinical manifestations are highest among the elderly population with onchocerciasis. Severe dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever are also reported at a high rate in this age group. Concurrent infections and disorders were documented with many of these infections, probably due to reduced immunity. Socioeconomic factors, co-morbidities, access to healthcare settings, environmental factors, sanitation, clustering, and overcrowding contribute to the frequency of neglected tropical diseases in the elderly. Further studies are still needed because the current report is scarce, which might underestimate the current evidence.
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