Оne of the main goals in the penitentiary system (PS) of Russia is the formation of a highly professional, stable, balanced cadre corps, capable of solving the professional tasks assigned to it. In this regard, there is an active study of the professional and professional activities of employees and their personal characteristics to achieve the effectiveness of their work and career success. The purpose of the study is to identify and describe the motivational characteristics of the professional destruction of the personality of the prison personnel. The research included 52 employees working in the conservation department, in the education and operational PS departments. Two types of professional destruction were identified; they both are associated with the destruction of employees` professional identity and their alienation from the profession. The first one is characterized by social "rigidity" and motivational reorientation from the professional sphere to the sphere of leisure, the second one is strongly directed to the family activity without obvious destructive changes in motivational and personal traits. The results may be used for working out the criteria to identify those employees at the penal executive system who is at the risk of destructive changes in their personality. Besides, they may be useful to substantiate the necessary measures to prevent professional destruction.
The chapter focuses on justification of the psychological safety model of oil and gas workers in the Arctic. The safety in industrial activity depends firstly not only on the employee, on his attitude toward observance of occupational safety and health regulations, but also on the personal attributes of the specialist, his subjective perceptions and effectiveness of his psychological self-regulation. The study was conducted at an oil and gas facility with a watch-based method of labor organization in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation (duration of a rotation shift is 30 days). The study involved 70 persons at the ages from 24 to 60 years (average age 38.7 ± 1.3). The methods were as follows: study of documentation, monitoring of work process, questionnaires, psycho-physiological and psychological testing, and statistical methods of data analysis. The study verified the concept of psychological safety as a mental state of a subject who has control over a set of internal and external factors of the ergatic system providing updating of internal resources of the individual for efficient professional activity on the psycho-physiological and psychological levels. As a result, the model of psychological security of oil and gas workers in the Arctic was introduced and evidence based. It includes the following components: (1) The psycho-physiological level of functional status (reduced or optimal); (2) The psychological level of functional state (emergency or economical); (3) The image of the labor object (low undifferentiated hazard assessment or high differentiated hazard assessment); (4) The perception of the subject (high undifferentiated or moderately high differentiated self-assessment); (5) The perception of the subject-object and subject-subject relations (neutral, negative, or positive). In this research, the components of psychological safety of oil and gas workers of different professional groups (operators of oil and gas, boiler operators, drivers, engineers and technical workers, maintenance specialists) in the Arctic were empirically studied and characterized. The psychological level of functional state was expressed in economical adaptive strategy mainly on the basis of results gained from the study of operators of treatment facilities and boiler houses, engineering Y. Korneeva (*) • T. Tyulyubaeva • N. Simonova Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov,
High-tech manufacturing, production and transportation of hazardous substances in the oil and gas mining are a serious threat to the environment and health of the workers. Most of oil and gas fields are located in remote regions, and therefore the shift work method is applied. This work form requires the group isolation. What contributes to the special attention to the human factor in ensuring safety at oil and gas fields. One way to solve this problem is to define and manage the psychological risks of oil and gas workers. The psychological risk is the probability of professional destruction and formation of unfavorable functional states of shift workers owing to prolonged negative social and industrial factors and having a deficit of personal and environmental recourses. We have developed an approach of qualitative and quantitative risk assessment. Qualitative analysis is to identify the type of risk assessment and bases and quantification is performed by dividing the number of workers who experience the change in the psychological status, the total number of staff in an organization, and multiplied by 100%. The study identified downside risks to the health and development of stress in employees of different professional groups: operators of oil and gas, other operators, drivers, engineers and technical workers and service technicians (maximum different in terms of labor and skill requirements). Risk management should be based on three main areas: control, isolation and decline. The study was sponsored by the Russian President's grant for state support of young Russian scientists - PhD (MK-7500.2016.6).
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