Interdisciplinary projects play an important role in the development of a student profile based on the 21st century skills. Nevertheless, the implementation of an interdisciplinary approach is a challenge for both teachers and teacher educators. The aim of this study is to create an interdisciplinary model for teacher education, and to provide an empirical study which analyses its impact on learning. An educational innovation project was carried out with preservice teachers who experienced and subsequently designed a Problem Based Learning with interdisciplinary activities including Mathematics and Social Sciences, using the National Archaeological Museum as an educational resource. The proposals were implemented amongst children to evaluate the project’s effectiveness, considering two aspects: (a) improved teaching skills for preservice teachers (N = 26) and (b) improved learning for Mathematics and Social Sciences content amongst primary school children (N = 58). In the case of the student teachers, the variance analysis implemented showed sufficient empirical evidence of the improvement between the pre and post treatment, in different dimensions of the teaching skills and competences. On the primary school students, some significantly statistic progresses were found concerning the learning of both subjects, as well as their perception of museums as place for learning.
El objetivo del presente estudio fue explorar la perspectiva de los trabajadores de centros de atención especializada en materias de infancia respecto a los riesgos laborales y las estrategias de autocuidado más efectivas para hacerles frente. El estudio fue de carácter mixto. En la fase cualitativa participaron 69 profesionales de 19 centros especializados en intervención con niños que han sufrido vulneración grave de derechos. En la fase cuantitativa lo hicieron 129 profesionales de esos mismos centros. Los resultados muestran riesgos laborales variados, siendo lo más frecuente los riesgos emocionales asociados al trabajo con población altamente traumatizada y a la sobrecarga laboral. En menor frecuencia se reportan riesgos físicos vinculados a posibles agresiones de los usuarios, accidentes laborales o inadecuada infraestructura. Los profesionales valoran positivamente tanto las estrategias de autocuidado individual como las estrategias de cuidado al interior del equipo y a nivel institucional. Estos resultados destacan la necesidad de aumentar los esfuerzos por favorecer la salud de los profesionales que trabajan con niños con historia de vulneración grave de derechos.
A case of active multicavitary tuberculosis is reported. In the 3rd month of treatment, an X-ray film of the thorax showed right pleural effusion. The properties of the pleural fluid were those of an exudate with high adenosine deaminase activity. An ELISA was performed to detect specific IgG antibody to mycobacterial antigen 60 in serum before the treatment and on a two-monthly basis following the initiation of therapy until completion of the course. Values were all above 1,750 U. Moreover, an ELISA test using the same antigen was done on pleural fluid, and a high IgG titer was obtained (950 U). A cutoff for a positive ELISA test was established at 240 U in serum and 150 U in other biologic fluids.
Background: Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is a complex immune-mediated disease whose prevalence differs among ethnic groups, most likely due to genetic factors. The presence of the Human Leucocyte Antigens (HLA) extended haplotype is a risk for NMO. The tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a) is believed to play a role in NMO pathogenesis. Although single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the TNF-a promoter region (pTNF-a) has been shown to influence levels of TNF-a production, such an association is not evident in the Cuban population. The aim of this study was to examine the association between the HLA alleles, pTNF-a SNPs, the amount of the TNF-a protein, and the clinical parameters of a sample of NMO patients from the Cuban population.Methods: 20 patients diagnosed with relapsing NMO (R-NMO), and 100 unrelated healthy controls, were evaluated. Ancestry was determined and an HLA typing case-control association study was carried out. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leucocytes. HLA DRB1 and DQ alleles typing were determined by SSP-PCR. The DNA sequence approach was used to evaluate pTNF-a SNPs. The TNF-a protein expression was measured by ELISA.Results: Genetic ancestry estimates showed that in NMO patients the European contribution prevailed. No association of HLA alleles to NMO susceptibility was observed, although there was a slight protective effect of HLA DQA*03, DRB1*10 followed by DRB1*11 alleles. An association was found between the pTNF-a -308 G/A and a possible protective role against NMO (OR = 0.37, p values p < 0.001). The TNF-a protein did not differ between NMO patients and controls. Moreover, the association of HLA alleles and SNPs was not statistically significant when the clinical parameter were evaluated.
Conclusion:Our results showed that in this sample of Cuban NMO patients HLA alleles as well as pTNF-a SNPs differ from other populations. There was no association between HLA alleles, pTNF-a SNPs and clinical variables.
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