The correlation between climatic conditions and mite numbers in houses from rural areas was studied in 13 agricultural communities (kibbutzim and moshavim) in nine geo-climatic subregions of Israel. Mites were present in 97% of the dust samples. The average number of mites per gram of dust in the different localities ranged between 84 and 2053. The maximum number of mites (7440/g dust) was found in a carpet from a house in Geva Carmel in the northern coastal region. The most prevalent species of mites were Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae, which were found in 85.6% and 71.3% of the samples, respectively. The house dust mites D. pteronyssinus, D. farinae and Euroglyphus maynei constituted 94.8% of the mites. Most of the mites were isolated from the carpets and sofas (37.0% and 33.7%, respectively), and a smaller number from beds (29.3%). The smallest number of mites (< or = 250/g dust) were found at a minimum relative humidity (RH) of 30% and lower, with a maximum temperature of 32 degrees C and higher, i.e. in the Jordan valley and Negev mountains. A greater number of mites (250-500/g dust) were found at a minimum ambient RH of 35-40% and a maximum temperature of 32 degrees C and higher, i.e. the Hula valley. A large number of mites (500-1000/g dust) were found at a minimum RH of 35-40% with a maximum temperature of 30 degrees C and lower, i.e. in the Judean and Samarian range, as well as in upper Galilee. The largest number of mites (1000-2000/g dust) was found at a minimum RH of 45% and higher, with a maximum temperature ranging between 30 and 32 degrees C. These conditions occur in the coastal strip, the coastal plain and in the Judean and Samarian foothills. A monthly examination of two houses in Zova, a kibbutz in the Judean hills next to Jerusalem, and two houses from Palmachim, a kibbutz in the coastal region, revealed that the highest prevalence of mites was found in the months April-November and May-November, respectively. In Zova, the highest number of mites were found during the months of June and July while the highest concentrations of D. pteronyssinus-antigen (Der p I) were measured during the month of September. A positive correlation between mite numbers and the quantity of Der p I in house dust was found.
The immigrants in Israel from the Former Soviet Union (FSU) followed a different pattern of political growth than other immigrant groups. Their increased power began on the national level and moved down to the local level, rather than from the periphery toward the centre -the pattern followed by the Oriental Jewish immigrants. We can trace three stages in the development of their political power.The first stage was during the 1992 elections when the immigrants attempted to organize their own list. Though they failed, the results of the election strengthened them because they were given credit for the left's victory, giving them a sense of political effectiveness.The second stage came during the 1996 elections. It was a defining moment for the former Soviet immigrants' political power. In this stage external factors and internal factors reinforced each other. The change in the electoral system made it possible for the immigrants to vote for their community on the one hand and for a national figure on the other, thus resolving their identity dilemma.The local elections in 1998 marked the third stage in their political strength. They found the immigrant community better organized, with an improved understanding of its local interests, the capacity to put forward a strong local leadership, and a stronger link between the immigrant political centre and the local level.
The Negev Bedouin Arabs are a part of the indigenous Palestinian Arab minority in Israel who historically derived their livelihood from herding and seasonal agriculture. Subsequently they underwent a rapid urbanization process, which entailed the loss of their traditional economy. These changes required a re-making of the Bedouin woman's social, educational and economic role in the life of the community. We explored Bedouin women's experiences in mainstream higher education. The study findings indicated that Bedouin Arab women in higher education demonstrated resilience and agency as participants in modernizing Bedouin traditions, and indigenizing 'Western-style' modernity. Despite the myriad of challenges it presented, they experienced mainstream higher education as an essential avenue for their personal and communal development.
"This article focuses on value inputs at various junctures of the immigrant-absorption process in Israel and their possible implications for the future of the immigrants.... The model of value inputs of the 1990s suggests several directions in which absorption policy may head....One such direction is dominant in other immigration countries: the integration of the stronger immigrants--those whose ability to function in modern Western society is high--is left to market forces.... Another possible paradigm of absorption is one in which the government intervenes selectively to help especially disadvantaged groups....A third orientation depends on the immigration trend. If immigration tapers off, the government will intervene more intensively and extensively in the integration of the 1990s immigrants, particularly at the municipal level." (SUMMARY IN FRE AND SPA)
English The adaptation of immigrants to Israel and to Germany is compared. While in Germany immigrants were oriented towards the general society, in Israel they tended towards less social participation. Adolescent immigrants in Israel reported more stress than did their German peers, but no differences in the psychological stress were found among their parents. French Cette é tude compare la façon dont des immigrants en Israë l et en Allemagne se sont adapté s. Il en ressort que les immigrants en Allemagne ont é té , de façon gé né rale, davantage inté gré s à la socié té comparativement aux immigrants en Israë l, qui tendent à être moins engagé s socialement. Les immigrants adolescents en Israë l font é tat d’un plus grand stress que leurs pairs en Allemagne, alors qu’on ne relè ve pas de diffé rences chez leurs parents respectifs. Spanish La adaptació n de los inmigrantes a Israel y Alemania es comparada. Mientras que en Alemania los inmigrantes se orientan hacia la sociedad en general, en Israel ellos tienden hacia una participació n social baja. Inmigrantes adolescentes en Israel reportaron má s estré s que sus contrapartes alemanes, pero no se encontraron diferencias en el estré s psicoló gico entre los parientes.
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