, tam thoai nguyen, Hang thi thuy nguyen, Dung Minh Ho, Hien nhu nguyen & thuy thi thu nguyen * Ho chi Minh city (HcMc) is one of the cities in developing countries where many concentrations of air pollutants exceeded the Vietnam national technical regulation in ambient air quality including tSp, no x , ozone and co. these high pollutant concentrations have destroyed the human health of people in HcMc. Many zones in HcMc can't receive more air pollutants. the objectives of this research are: (i) Air quality modeling over HcMc by using the tApM-ctM system model by using a bottom up air emission inventory; and (ii) Study loading capactities of air pollutant emissions over Ho chi Minh city. Simulations of air pollution were conducted in Ho chi Minh city (HcMc), the largest city of Vietnam by using the tApM-ctM model. the model performance was evaluated using observed meteorological data at tan Son Hoa station and air quality data at the Ho chi Minh city University of Science. the model is then applied to simulate a retire 1-year period to determine the levels of air pollutants in HCMC in 2017, 2025 and 2030. The results show that the highest concentrations of CO, NO 2 , and o 3 in 2017 exceeded the National technical regulation in ambient air quality (QCVN 05:2013) 1.5, 1.5, and 1.1 times, respectively. These values also will increase in 2025 and 2030 if the local government does not have any plan for the reduction of emissions, especially, So 2 in 2030 also will be 1.02 times higher than that in QCVN 05:2013. The emission zoning was initially studied by calculating and simulating the loading capacities of each pollutant based on the highest concentration and the national technical regulation in ambient air quality. the results show that the center of HcMc could not receive anymore the emission, even needs to reduce half of the emission. Under the easterly prevailing wind in the dry season, the high pollution was more likely to be experienced in the west of Ho chi Minh. in contrast, the eastern regions were the upwind areas and the pollutants could transport to the downwind sectors. it was recommended that the best strategy for emission control in HcMc is avoiding industrial and urban development in the upwind areas to achieve better air quality for both areas. in the case of necessity to choose one area for development, the downwind sector is preferred. the results show that tApM-ctM performed well as applied to simulate the air quality in HcMc and is a promising tool to study the emission zoning. Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), the largest city in Vietnam with its position as the political, economic, scientific and cultural center of the country, is located at 10 o 45′N and 106 o 45′E in the southeastern region of Vietnam. HCMC's economic growth rate has been skyrocketing in recent years. The population of HCMC is 8.6 million people, the number of private vehicles is about 9 million units. Currently, there are 19 manufacturing and industrial zones, 30 industrial clusters on an area of 1,900 ha, and numerous factories and...

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Vietnam will achieve net-zero greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions by 2050. Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) has a considerable amount of GHG emissions (accounted for 20,68% of total GHG in Vietnam). The main GHG sources in HCMC are mainly due to the numerous private vehicles used and the increasing rate of factories. Therefore, to reduce the GHG of the city from these two sources, the bottom-up GHG detailed emission inventory (EI) for major sources must be carried out to determine the potential GHG emission sources. The objectives of this research are 1) to develop detailed GHG EI for HCMC and 2) to develop measures to reduce GHG for HCMC. It is the first bottom-up GHG emission inventory study that applied the EMISENS model to calculate the GHG emission from traffic and industrial sources. The total GHG emission of HCMC in 2019 was 58,272,149 tons CO2eq/year. The primary emission of GHG in HCMC is from on-road traffic (13,484,958 tons CO2eq/year) and the industry sector (17,612,942 tons CO2eq/year). Motorcycles contribute the highest (63%) GHG emission from on-road transportation, whereas the chemical industry contributes the highest (63%) GHG emission from industry sources, followed by the sectors of Paper Production (17.3%), Textile (16.1%), and Metal production (14.7%). The study also developed technical and management solutions to achieve the goal of GHG emission reduction for HCMC and contribute to the National target of net-zero GHG. The main management solutions are based on implementing a Carbon Reporting System for industries and buildings in the city.

Can Tho City is one the 5th largest city in Vietnam, with hight rate of economic growth and densely populated with 1,251,809 people, butsling traffic activities with 566,593 motobikes and 15,105 cars and hundreds of factories. The air in Can Tho city is polluted by dust and ozone. However, Can Tho city currently does not have a study on the simulation air pollution spread, therefore we do not have an overview on the status of air pollution in order to do not have solutions to limit the increase of pollution status of the city. The purpose of this study is to collect air pollutant emissions from other study. After that, TAPOM model is used to simulate the effects of ozone on the surrounding areas and study the ozone regime in Cantho city. The study results showed that the highest ozone concentration for an hour everage is 196 μg/m3. Compare with national technical regulation about ambient air QCVN 5:2013/BTNMT, ozone concentration is approximately at the allowable limit. The study of ozone regime had identified that VOC sensitive areas are Ninh Kieu district and a part in the south of Binh Thuy district, and NOx sensitive areas are the rested areas of Cantho city. The main cause contributing to increased VOC emission in the central area of the city is motorcycles, NOx emissions in the remaining areas of Cantho city are from the rice production factories. Proposals to protect the air quality in Cantho city are suggested.

The port system of Ho Chi Minh City including 34 ports, serves as the gateway to the South (including the South East and the Mekong Delta) in export and import activities. In which contribute a huge amount of pollutants to the atmosphere in Ho Chi Minh City. The objective of this study is to: (i) Calculating air emissions from ports system in Ho Chi Minh city using the SPDGIZ model which emits a large amount of air pollutants such as sulfur oxide (SOX), nitrogen oxide (NOX), fine dust (PM2.5, PM10), volatile organic compounds (VOC), carbon monoxide (CO) from large ships (Ocean going vessels - OGVs), towing ships (Harbor Crafts - HCs), cargo handling equipment (Cargo handling equipment - CHE) and other vehicles (Heavy trucks – HVs); (ii) Using dispersion model TAPM-AERMOD to assess the impact of port operations to air quality in surouding port area; (iii) Proposing abatement measures based on the results of simulation to reduce emissions/ air pollution levels. The results of emission inventory show that the total port emissions are largely NOX and SOX mainly from large ships (OGVs) and cargo handling equipment (CHE) due to the use of heavy oil and diesel which have high sulfur content. The results show that the time at which a mooring boat is the most time consuming (accounting for over 90% of total emissions from OGVs).