Study loading capacties of air pollutant emissions for developing countries: a case of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Ho, Bang Quoc; Vu, Khue Hoang Ngoc; Nguyen, Tam Thoai; Nguyen, Hang Thi; Ho, Dung Minh; Nguyen, Hai Xuan; Nguyễn, Thùy

doi:10.1038/s41598-020-62053-4

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Only the impact of CO 2 on urbanization is statistically significant in the short term. This empirical evidence may suggest that the government may focus on CO 2 emissions reduction policies by disintegrating industrial activities [131], reducing private vehicles [6], and collecting carbon taxes on automobiles and motorbikes [76] in large cities in the short term. As a result, these urbanization restrictions will improve environmental quality in the long run.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Coal consumption accounts for between 65% and 75% of overall CO 2 emissions from the entire electricity sector, and oil consumption increases an average of 2.73% from 1977 to 2013 [4]. The excessive demand for natural resources and fossil-fuel energy due to the significant economic transformation has increased air pollution, especially in big cities where traffic congestion and industrial issues have become more serious [5,6]. For example, according to Our World in Data [7] and Euromonitor Passport Database [8], the average increase in carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions reached 5.14%, along with the 6.53% increase in energy consumption and a 4.62% increase in real income for the period 1977 to 2019.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Validating and Forecasting Carbon Emissions in the Framework of the Environmental Kuznets Curve: The Case of Vietnam

Nguyen

2021

Energies

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This paper examines the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) in Vietnam between 1977 and 2019. Using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach, we find an inverted N-shaped relation between economic growth and carbon dioxide emissions in both the long- and short-run. The econometric results also reveal that energy consumption and urbanization statistically positively impact pollution. The long-run Granger causality test shows a unidirectional causality from energy consumption and economic growth to pollution while there is no causal relationship between energy consumption and economic growth. These suggest some crucial policies for curtailing emissions without harming economic development. In the second step, we also employed the back-propagation neural networks (BPN) to compare the work of econometrics in carbon dioxide emissions forecasting. A 5-4-1 multi-layer perceptron with BPN and learning rate was set at 0.1, which outperforms the ARDL’s outputs. Our findings suggest the potential application of machine learning to notably improve the econometric method’s forecasting results in the literature.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validating and Forecasting Carbon Emissions in the Framework of the Environmental Kuznets Curve: The Case of Vietnam

Nguyen

2021

Energies

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“…Up to now, there has been a lack of works focusing on evaluating the overall impact of PM 2.5 as well as SO 2 and NO 2 on public health for HCMC. In 2019, an air pollution map over HCMC for many contaminations was released [4], together with the estimation of air emissions loading capacity for O 3 , NO 2 , SO 2 , and CO [11]. However, a PM 2.5 concentration map has not been available for HCMC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poor Air Quality and Its Association with Mortality in Ho Chi Minh City: Case Study

Hoang

et al. 2020

Atmosphere

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Along with its rapid urban development, Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) in recent years has suffered a high concentration of air pollutants, especially fine particulate matters or PM2.5. A comprehensive study is required to evaluate the air quality conditions and their health impact in this city. Given the lack of adequate air quality monitoring data over a large area of the size of HCMC, an air quality modeling methodology is adopted to address the requirement. Here, by utilizing a corresponding emission inventory in combination with The Air Pollution Model-Chemical Transport Model (TAPM-CTM), the predicted concentration of air pollutants is first obtained for PM2.5, NOx, and SO2. Then by associating the pollutants exposed with the mortality rate from three causes, namely Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD), cardiopulmonary, and lung cancer, the impact of air pollution on human health is obtained for this purpose. Spatial distribution has shown a high amount of pollutants concentrated in the central city with a high density of combustion vehicles (motorcycles and automobiles). In addition, a significant amount of emissions can be observed from stevedoring and harbor activities, including ferries and cargo handling equipment located along the river. Other sources such as household activities also contribute to an even distribution of emission across the city. The results of air quality modeling showed that the annual average concentrations of NO2 were higher than the standard of Vietnam National Technical Regulation on Ambient Air Quality (QCVN 05: 2013 40 µg/m3) and World Health Organization (WHO) (40 µg/m3). The annual average concentrations of PM2.5 were 23 µg/m3 and were also much higher than the WHO (10 µg/m3) standard by about 2.3 times. In terms of public health impacts, PM2.5 was found to be responsible for about 1136 deaths, while the number of mortalities from exposure to NO2 and SO2 was 172 and 89 deaths, respectively. These figures demand some stringent measures from the authorities to potentially remedy the alarming situation of air pollution in HCM City.

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“…In parallel with the urbanization process and related environmental degradation throughout Vietnamese cities, rapid expansion of urban areas in Ho Chi Minh City has resulted in lower environmental quality, particularly the air quality, over the last few decades (Ho et al 2020 ). In addition, a number of recent studies have reported urban heat island effects in this megacity in southern Vietnam (e.g.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Did the Covid-19 restrictions influence land surface temperatures in Southeast Asia? A study from Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Veettil

Van

2023

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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There have been a prolonged lockdown period and reduction in human activities in most of the major cities in the world during the Covid-19 pandemic period between the early 2020 and the late 2021. Such a reduction in human activities was believed to have influenced pollution levels and land surface temperatures (LST) in urban areas. This paper describes the variations in LSTs before, during and after the Covid-19 lockdown in Ho Chi Minh City in southern Vietnam, which is the economic hub of the country. For this purpose, Landsat-8 OLI and TIRS images acquired between 2015 and 2022 were used. It is observed that there was a significant reduction of 1 to 1.8 °C in LST in open areas, excepting impervious surfaces and built-up areas, during the strict lockdown period in Ho Chi Minh City, and an increase in LST since then. The observed reduction in LST during the lockdown period in Ho Chi Minh City is in agreement with the reduction in greenhouses gases during the same period in recent studies. Human mobility and industrial activities have been restored in November 2021 in the study area which would explain the regain in LST in the post-lockdown period.

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Study loading capacties of air pollutant emissions for developing countries: a case of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Cited by 17 publications

References 13 publications

Validating and Forecasting Carbon Emissions in the Framework of the Environmental Kuznets Curve: The Case of Vietnam

Validating and Forecasting Carbon Emissions in the Framework of the Environmental Kuznets Curve: The Case of Vietnam

Poor Air Quality and Its Association with Mortality in Ho Chi Minh City: Case Study

Did the Covid-19 restrictions influence land surface temperatures in Southeast Asia? A study from Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

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