CANTÚ, T.; TREVIZAN, C. B.; VIEIRA, C. E.; PIFFER, R. D.; CARNEIRO LUIZ, G.; SOUZA, S. G. H. de. Caracterização in silico dos genes envolvidos no metabolismo do nitrogênio em milho (Zea mays). Arq. Ciênc. Vet. Zool. UNIPAR, Umuarama, v. 19, n. 4, p. 231-239, out./dez. 2016. RESUMO:O N é o nutriente mineral requerido pelas plantas em maior quantidade e frequentemente limita o crescimento e produtividade. A partir de uma análise in silico foram identificados 26 genes envolvidos na assimilação do nitrogênio: quatro genes que codificam a enzima nitrato redutase (ZmNR), oito nitrato redutase de transporte (ZmNRT), uma nitrito redutase (ZmNRi), uma nitrito de transporte (ZmNRiT), seis glutamina sintetase (ZmGS), quatro glutamato sintase (ZmGOGAT) e duas glutamato desidrogenase (ZmGDH). A árvore filogenética foi construída onde foi possível observar a formação de cinco grupos distintos de acordo com as funções. A análise da estrutura dos genes mostrou que o número de íntrons variou de 0 a 32. A análise dos domínios conservados mostrou que a maioria dos genes identificados possuem o domínios específicos a função que desempenham na rota de assimilação do N em milho. Além disso, esses genes apresentaram padrões de expressão diferenciais em tecidos e órgãos. Os dados gerados neste trabalho forneceram subsídios para selecionar genes-candidatos para futuras análises funcionais a serem utilizados nos programas de melhoramento de milho. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Assimilação de N. Eficiente uso do Nitrogênio. Filogenia. IN SILICO CHARACTERIZATION OF GENES INVOLVED IN NITROGEN METABOLISM IN MAIZE (Zea mays)ABSTRACT: Nitrogen is a mineral highly requested by plants and often limits both growth and productivity. From an in--silico analysis, a total of 26 genes were identified as being involved in nitrogen assimilation: four genes encoding nitrate reductase enzyme (ZmNR), eight encoding nitrate reductase transporters (ZmNRT), one encoding nitrite reductase (ZmNRi), one encoding nitrite transporter (ZmNRiT), six encoding glutamine synthesis (ZmGOGAT) and two encoding glutamate dehydrogenase (ZmGDH). A phylogenetic tree was generated where the formation of five distinct clusters could be observed according to gene function. Structural genes analysis showed that introns varied from 0 to 32. The analysis of conserved domains showed that most of the identified genes play a domain-specific function in the N assimilation pathway in maize. Moreover, these genes present a differential expression pattern in tissues and organs. Data from this study will provide subsidies to select candidate genes for further functional analyses in maize breeding programs. KEYWORDS: Efficient use of nitrogen. N-assimilation. Phylogeny. CARACTERIZACIÓN IN SILICO DE GENES IMPLICADOS EN EL METABOLISMO DE NITRÓGENO EN MAÍZ (Zea mays)RESUMEN: N es el nutriente mineral requerido por las plantas en mayor cantidad y a menudo limita el crecimiento y la productividad. Desde un análisis in silico se ha identificado 26 genes implicados en la asimilación de nitrógeno: cuatro genes q...
Mechanosensitive (MS) ion channels are transmembrane proteins that open and close in response tomechanical forces produced by osmotic pressure, sound, touch and gravity. In plants, MS have an important role in different biological processes like gravity detection, maintenance of plastid shape and size, lateral root emergence, growth of pollen tube, and plant-pathogen interactions. In this study, homologous mechanosensitive channel of small conductance (MscS)-like gene family in common bean was identified. Nine Phaseolus vulgaris MscS-like (PvMSL) genes were found to be distributed on five chromosomes. A complete overview of PvMSL genes in common bean is presented, including gene structures, chromosome locations, phylogeny, protein motifs and expression pattern. Subcellular localization predictions of PvMSL family revealed their location to plasma and chloroplast membrane. Phylogenetic analysis of nine PvMSL proteins resulted in two main classes. The predicted gene structure, conserved motif, domain and presence of transmembrane regions in each PvMSL strongly supported their identity as members of MscS-like gene family. Four duplicate events of PvMSL genes were discovered in P. vulgaris chromosomes, and tandem and segmental duplication may cause the expansion of PvMSL genes. Furthermore, PvMSL genes displayed differential expression patterns in tissues and organs. This is the first step towards genome-wide analyses of MSL genes in common bean. Thus, the data obtained in this study provide resources to select candidate genes for future functional analyses that will help understand plant growth, development, and function of MSL gene family in P. vulgaris.
The free aluminum (Al) content in soil can reach levels that are toxic to plants, and this has frequently limited increased productivity of cultures. Four genes encoding nitrate reductase (NR) were identified, named ZmNR1-4. With the aim of evaluating NR activity and the transcriptional modulation of the ZmNR1, ZmNR2, ZmNR3, and ZmNR4 genes in leaves, 30-day-old hybrid maize BRAS 3010 plants were irrigated with a solution of Al 2 (SO 4) 3 .18H 2 O for 16 days. The transcriptional levels of ZmNR2, ZmNR3, and ZmNR4 and NR activity will exhibit standard changes similar in the leaves, where, from the second week of stress onwards, there was a decrease in enzymatic activity and in the accumulation of transcripts. An increase ZmNR1 mRNA levels were observed, indicating that this gene may be associated with other metabolic pathways. This study resulted in the identification and characterization of different genes that encode NR and are involved in nitrogen metabolism in maize, in which the ZmNR2, ZmNR3, and ZmNR4 genes regulate the activity of NR in response to aluminum stress. The characterization of these genes may help in our understanding of the genetic-molecular and physiological mechanisms of maize subjected to aluminum stress.
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