Purpose: This study designed to evaluate the necessity for interdisciplinary dental and medical education by assessing clinicians' awareness of the relation between systemic health and periodontal disease. Study design: A Cross-sectional and Descriptive study. Place and Duration: In the Dental department of Hamdard University Dental Hospital, Karachi for six-months duration from July 2021 to December 2021. Methods: A sample of 200 dentists and physicians was designated using convenient technique of sampling. A self- validated and pre-validated questionnaire consisting of questions about the knowledge of the relationship between systemic health and periodontal disease among dentist was used. Data was analyzed using SPSS 24.0. Results: While 184 out of 200 dentists agreed that there was a link between periodontal disease and systemic health, 16 disagreed. Most (194) participants were aware of the periodontal disease and its associated signs and symptoms, and (6) were unaware of these symptoms. While most dentists (172) considered bleeding from the gingiva to be the major symptom clinically of periodontal disease, 102 dentists reported gingival pain as the primary symptom. In addition, most dentists (185) have stated that they have awareness about the relation between periodontal disease and diabetes, while 172 dentists have stated that cardiovascular disease and obesity are associated with periodontal disease Conclusion: The information on the association between systemic health with periodontal disease among practitioners was satisfactory. Keywords: Diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, obesity, gingival bleeding, systemic health and periodontal disease

Introduction: Anticoagulant therapy is essential for patients with various medical conditions. The use of anticoagulant medications is associated with a prolonged bleeding time. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) contains a high concentration of platelets. PRP has been used to improve bone and soft tissue regeneration and lessen postoperative complications. Study design: It is a randomized controlled study conducted at DOW International Dental College, Karachi for the duration of six months from August 2022 to January 2023. Material and Methods: The study was done on 40 patients who visited tertiary care unit for duration of six months. There were 6 patients that belonged to the age group 40-50 years. 19 and 15 patients were in the age group 55-60 years and 60-65 years respectively. There were 14 males and 26 females included in our study. There were 72 extractions performed on these patients. Results: It was found that there were 4 patients who reported about hemorrhagic complications. There were two women that had hemorrhage linked to poor placement of platelet gel. One patient reported about hemorrhage related to severe formation of coagulum. Mild bleeding was observed in 13 patients. Conclusion: In conclusion the results of our trial suggest that PRP is a successful anticoagulant therapy that can be used for preventing any post-operative hemorrhagic complication among patients going through dental surgery, as PRP is easy to use, it has low cost and a good placement into residual alveolar bone, therefore it has better outcomes among patients. Keywords: postoperative bleeding, anticoagulant therapy and Platelet-rich plasma.

Background: Oral surgery is a common procedure performed on patients for various reasons such as implant placement, tooth extraction, and other surgical interventions. Anticoagulant therapy is prescribed to patients to prevent blood clot formation, which can lead to serious conditions. Post-operative management of patients on anticoagulant therapy is also critical to minimize bleeding complications. Study design: It is a systematic and controlled based study conducted at Azra Naheed Dental College/ Superior University, Lahore and DOW International Dental College, Karachi for the duration of six months from July 2022 to December 2022. Material and Methods: The participants were divided into two groups. Group A (n=35) included patients treated with direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) after oral surgery and group B (n=20) had patients treated with vitamin K antagonists. The average age of patients in DOACs and VKA group was 71.3±2.33 and 72.1±1.6 years respectively. Results: Stroke, atrial fibrillation venous thromboembolism and acute coronary syndrome was found in 4,5,24 and 2 patients respectively. In case of VKA group there were 2,3,14 and 1 patient hat suffered from stroke, atrial fibrillation venous thromboembolism, and acute coronary syndrome in the VKA group. The duration of surgery in DOACs and VKA group was 34.5±2.33 and 31.8±3.2 respectively. Conclusion: This study concludes that bleeding risk in patients having some dental surgeries can effectively be controlled by interrupting the DOACs therapy and then restarting it after surgery along with some local hemostatic agents. However, the efficiency of VKAs and DOACs will be the same when DOAC therapy will not be interrupted right before an invasive surgical procedure in case of patients having higher bleeding risk treatment. Keywords: Oral surgery, anticoagulant therapy and thromboembolic events.

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Background: The aim of this study to evaluate the dentulous and edentulous maxillae in the microstructure of the incisive canals and their surrounding bone in order to show the structural qualities. Study Design: The study was cross sectional being conducted at the Dental Department of DOW International Dental College, Karachi for six month from July 2022 to December 2022. Methodology: A total number of patients was N=240. The right and left sides of each patient were classified as either edentulous or dentulous. After receiving written consent, the patients who were monitored on both were checked to see if sinew string was present or not. The data was analyzed by SPSS 21. Results: There were 240 patients in all, 130 of whom were men and 110 of them were women. Males (54.1%) and females (46%) made up the edentulous and dentulous group. The patients with the greatest ages were 21- 51 years old. The patients' average age was 38 ± 15 years. The sinew string frequency was similar with respect gender. There was significant difference between edentulous and dentulous; p<0.005** on both sides observed by using simply seen, pushing on the oblique line and pulling the cheek sideways. Conclusion: Sinew string was attempted to maintain and control buccal mucosa movement and block the mouths posterior vestibule. The occurrence of sinew strings was greater than usual. Keywords: Sinew strings, Dentulous, Edentulous, mandibular.