Background: Surgical mortality data are collected routinely in high-income countries, yet virtually no low-or middle-income countries have outcome surveillance in place. The aim was prospectively to collect worldwide mortality data following emergency abdominal surgery, comparing findings across countries with a low, middle or high Human Development Index (HDI).Methods: This was a prospective, multicentre, cohort study. Self-selected hospitals performing emergency surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive patients from at least one 2-week interval during July to December 2014. Postoperative mortality was analysed by hierarchical multivariable logistic regression.
This paper presents a 0.25-V supplied bulkdriven symmetrical OTA implemented in 130-nm CMOS process. By operating in weak inversion, and using a distributed layout approach, the OTA can benefit from the voltage reduction and high linearity enabled by haloimplanted transistors. The proposed circuit consumes only 10-nW, features a low transconductance of 22-nS, and a total harmonic distortion of 0.53 % for a 100-mV pp input voltage, thus making it suitable for low-frequency and lowpower G m -C applications.
This paper presents a dynamic reconfiguration method for electrical connections in a Series-Parallel connected photovoltaic array under partial shading conditions. It is desirable to extract the maximum energy from the array, but it does not occur in situations where the modules have different points of operation caused by shading. The proposed method is then characterized by the maintenance of the PV array dimensions, that is; no module is removed or added to the array. Furthermore, the control algorithm is based on the Rough Sets Theory, which allows the fast and efficient implementation of a control system, comprising rules that identify the system optimal configuration.
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