The Jewish Question: A Marxist Interpretation, by Abram Leon, was the most influential book among critics of Zionism during the New Left era. It was first published in 1946 but did not receive significant public attention in the next two decades. However, during the late 1960s and early 1970s, it became a bestseller in terms of theoretical Marxist literature. Focusing on its re-publication in the United States in 1971, this article explores why the book's popularity transformed, almost overnight. Its main argument is that although current research deals mostly with Leon’s theoretical importance, the book’s revival in the 1960s and 1970s should be explained from a social and political perspective. Leon’s claims against Zionism, which had been developed in the late 1930s, lost their relevance after the Second World War as a result of the establishment of the state of Israel as well as the crisis of the global Left in the 1950s. They gained new importance only under new conditions: the rise of the New Left’s interest in the Middle-East conflict, the struggle between the anti- and pro-Zionist Jews of the New Left following the Six-Day War, and internal debates among the anti- and pro-Zionist Jews themselves. The "revival" of Abram Leon therefore reveals the ideological, organizational and social ties between the Old and the New Left, as well as the general interaction between ideology and social and political conditions.
The process of nation- and state-building in Israel could be viewed as unique because of its pace and intensive character. This is evident in much that is related to immigration, forging cultural coherence, the establishment of institutions, and the like. However, the extreme characteristics of its development also make Israel a valuable case study for a theoretical or comparative discussion because those conditions allow for a clear view of various social, cultural, and political aspects of nation-building. Therefore, using Israel as a case study can corroborate, refute, or challenge assumptions, patterns of analysis, or conceptions and terminologies in theories and models used in the humanities or the social sciences for understanding processes of nation-building.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.