The molten salt-based direct reduction process for reactive solid metal outperforms traditional pyrometallurgical methods in energy efficiency. However, the simplity and rapidity of this process require a deeper understanding of the interfacial morphology in the vicinity of liquid metal deposited at the cathode. For the first time, here we report the time change of electrode surface on the sub-millisecond/micrometre scale in molten LiCl-CaCl2 at 823 K. When the potential was applied, liquid Li-Ca alloy droplets grew on the electrode, and the black colloidal metal moved on the electrode surface to form a network structure. The unit cell size of the network and the number density of droplets were found to depend on the applied potential. These results will provide important information about the microscale mixing action near the electrode, and accelerate the development of metallothermic reduction of oxides.
Electrospun nanofiber webs are of increasing interest for a variety of functional goods, not only textiles. The mechanical strength of these nanofiber webs must be evaluated to estimate the effect of rubbing against other fabrics and human skin. Therefore, we analyzed the frictional behavior of polyurethane (PU) nanofiber web against various fabrics and against artificial skin sheets. The present results are summarized as follows: 1) The mean friction coefficient of the PU nanofiber web was independent of the load. 2) Nanofiber web showed stick-slip motion, the frequency depending on the mating material and applied load.3) The highest observed mean friction coefficients were 0.8 and 0.83 for silk and Flexcare®, respectively, and the lowest were 0.53 to 0.54 for Lorica® and silicone rubber, respectively.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.