Morphology of lithium droplets electrolytically deposited in LiCl–KCl–Li2O melt

Characterization of the Cathodic Thermal Behavior of Molten CaCl2 and Its Hygroscopic Chloride Mixture During Electrolysis

“…At E = E2, all currentvalues are almost constant, and the cathodic currents increase as the applied potential becomes more negative. This trend is similar to previously reported cyclic voltammograms[13,14,26,27]. The electrochemical reactions at each potential are…”

“…This trend is similar to previously reported cyclic voltammograms. 13,14,26,27 The electrochemical reactions at each potential are Figure 6 shows snapshots of the WE interface during the electrolysis of each mixture. The time period t < 2.000 s corresponds to E = E 2 , and a large number of shiny metallic Ca-Li alloy droplets are generated on the electrode surface and coalesce with the surroundings in LiCl-KCl-CaCl 2 and LiCl-CaCl 2 .…”

“…Although a clear understanding of the cathodic behavior in molten salt is necessary to control and optimize the OS process, the transient behavior of the electrodeposition of liquid Me at the cathode is complicated because it depends on the morphology of liquid Me, including colloidal metal called "metal fog" [22][23][24][25]. In a previous study, we demonstrated that submillisecond high-speed microscopy synchronized with electrochemical measurement at submillimeter scale resolution is possible owing to advances in digital optical technology [26,27]. Such knowledge can be immediately applied to current molten salt electrolytic processes to achieve energy saving from the viewpoint of thermal efficiency in the material industry.…”

“…[22][23][24][25] In a previous study, we demonstrated that submillisecond high-speed microscopy synchronized with electrochemical measurement at submillimeter scale resolution is possible owing to advances in digital optical technology. 26,27 Such knowledge can be immediately applied to current molten salt electrolytic processes to achieve energy saving from the viewpoint of thermal efficiency in the material industry. Furthermore, the simultaneous measurement of heat transfer characteristics [28][29][30][31] and observation of the reaction on the cathode surface will enable an understanding of the ongoing electrochemical and secondary reactions and nature and behavior of the melt in the presence of water impurity.…”

(Invited) Metal Production in CaCl2-Based Melts

“…In principle, a half of Ca deposit on the cathode is not used and it will be lost from Ti basket surface. The liquid flow in cathodic area is important for more efficient reduction of oxide in the basket (12).…”