The authors have been carrying out a preliminary study on the design of microgrid. Designing microgrid includes selection and capacity determination of power supply devices according to their response characteristics, efficiency and initial cost, and development of methods for integrated control to maintain power quality and efficiency. Both design and control methods depend on conditions of loads, for which microgrid is installed. In this paper, design methods of microgrid, such as power demand analysis, response characteristics measurement of power sources and fuel efficiency measurement of enginegenerators, and integrated control methods for power sources are proposed, along with experimental results for a prototype of microgrid.Katsuya NISHIKAWA was born in Kyoto, Japan on June 20, 1982. He received a B.E. degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of Tokyo in 2004. He is now a student of the master cource of the University of Tokyo. His areas of interest are power electronics and electrical machines.
Two experiments were carried out with young apple trees (Fuji/Malus pruni folic Borkh. var. ringo) to examine the effect on the next season's shoot growth of summer and dormant thinning-out pruning, leaving short stubs. In Experiment 1 with 1-yearold trees, 4 lateral shoots which had been allowed to grow were cut, leaving 1.2 cm stubs on 8 occasions in the period between early July and late May in the next spring, while the terminal shoot was kept unpruned. The next season's shoot growth was weaker on the trees pruned in late August or earlier as compared with those pruned between late September and late March. In Experiment 2 with 2-year-old trees, which consisted of the central leader and 2 side branches, pruning was applied on 6 occasions in the period between late June and late November. All the shoots longer than 20 cm were cut, leaving 2-3 cm stubs except the terminal ones of the central leader and of two side branches. The next season's shoot growth was weaker on the trees pruned in late July or earlier than on the trees pruned between late August and late November. It was concluded that summer pruning does not invigorate the next season's shoot growth if it is applied early enough in the season for a balanced root : shoot ratio to be restored by the resultant regrowth.
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