Cyclosporin A stimulates the proliferation of rat gingival cells. TGF-beta1 and FGF-2 could be involved, but IGFs, IGFRs and IGFBPs could not be directly involved in this cyclosporin A induced-stimulation of the gingival cell proliferation.
Background:Volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) produced inside the mouth are a well-known cause of halitosis. Recent studies have suggested that VSCs modify the pathology of periodontitis by encouraging the migration of bacterial toxins associated with increased permeability of gingival epithelia, and enhancing the production of matrix metalloproteinases in gingival connective tissue. Nonetheless, the effects on the enamel of direct exposure to VSCs within the oral cavity remain unclear.In the present study, we observed the effects of VSCs in the form of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) on enamel surfaces and determined their effects on restorations.Materials and Methods:Extracted human tooth and bovine tooth samples were divided into the H2S experimental side and the control side. We observed the effects of H2S on enamel surfaces using electron microscopy and conducted a shear test.Results:We found that exposure to H2S obscured the enamel surface's crystal structure. The surface also exhibited coarseness and reticular changes. Shear testing did not reveal any differences in bond strength.Conclusions:Our findings suggested that H2S occurring inside the mouth causes changes to the crystal structure of the enamel surface that can lead to tooth wear, but that it does not diminish the effects of dental bonding in adhesive restorations.
Aim:The purpose of this study was to clarify detection characteristics of the secondary mesio-buccal canal in maxillary first molars using various methods.Materials and Methods:The root canal system of 86 extracted human maxillary first molars was inspected using micro-focus-computed tomography to accurately determine the number of canals. Radiographs or floors of the pulp chamber for all samples were observed for the secondary mesio-buccal canal with computed tomography for dentistry, digital dental radiography, magnifier, or the naked eye. Sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predictive values and diagnostic accuracy for these four methods were investigated using the results from the micro-focus-computed tomography inspection as the gold standard. All samples of each method were observed by 10 endodontists. Using these results, the χ2 test was used to compare and analyze differences between the various conditions (P<0.05).Results:The secondary mesio-buccal canal could be recognized in 60.9% of samples with the micro-focus-computed tomography. No significant difference was seen between efficiencies of the computed tomography for dentistry and the micro-focus-computed tomography. The computed tomography for dentistry was superior to the other three methods.Conclusion:Detectability of the secondary mesio-buccal canal in the maxillary first molar was superior using dental-computed tomography compared to digital dental radiography, magnification telescope, and the naked eye.
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