Background: TAS-102 consists of α, α, α-trifluorothymidine (TFT) and an inhibitor of thymidine phosphorylase (TPI). We conducted a dose-escalation phase I study in Japanese patients with advanced solid tumours. Methods: TAS-102 was administered twice daily on days 1–5 and days 8–12 in a 28-day cycle to patients with solid tumours refractory to standard chemotherapy, to determine its maximum tolerated dose (MTD), dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs), and pharmacokinetics (PKs). MTD was evaluated in cycle 1. Results: Safety and PKs were evaluated in 21 patients treated with TAS-102 at 30, 40, 50, 60, or 70 mg m −2 per day. DLTs, such as grade 4 leucopenia, grade 4 neutropenia, and grade 4 thrombocytopenia, were observed in two patients at doses of 30 and 70 mg m −2 . α, α, α-trifluorothymidine and TPI exposures increased dose dependently, and the percentage of decrease in neutrophil count and TFT exposure were significantly correlated. The disease control rate was 50.0% with a median progression-free survival of 2.4 months in 18 colorectal cancer patients. The dose of TAS-102 was not increased above 70 mg m −2 per day because of the increased tendency for grade 3 and 4 neutropenia, and 70 mg m −2 per day was the recommended dose for phase II studies. Conclusions: TAS-102 at 70 mg m −2 per day was tolerated in Japanese patients with advanced solid tumours. Phase II studies are ongoing in patients with colorectal cancer.

Adrenal RF ablation is a feasible and useful method for controlling adrenal metastases and offers patients opportunities for improved survival.

Background Few studies have compared the outcomes of endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) in patients with early gastric cancer. Methods We studied 780 lesions for which endoscopic treatment was indicated according to the Japanese Gastric Cancer Association (JGCA) criteria or the Results The median follow-up was 73 months in the EAM group and 65 months in the ESD group. Overall, the local recurrence rate was significantly lower in the ESD group (0.2 %, 1/421) than in the EAM group (4.2 %, 15/359) (p \ 0.05). For lesions meeting the JGCA criteria, the local recurrence rate was 2.9 % in the EAM group and 0 % in the ESD group (p \ 0.05). For lesions meeting the NCC criteria, the local recurrence rate was 12.5 % in the EAM group and 0.6 % in the ESD group (p \ 0.05). There was no significant difference between the groups in overall survival. Conclusions On long-term follow-up, ESD was associated with a lower rate of local recurrence than EAM for lesions that met the JGCA or the NCC criteria. From the point of view of radical curability, ESD can be recommended for the management of lesions that meet either set of criteria.

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Patients with ESCC, particularly drinkers, current smokers, and those with the ALDH2-2 allele and multiple LVLs, have an increased risk of superficial HNSCC.

In patients with m3 or sm1 SEC, tumors that have lymphatic invasion, larger superficial size, and wider LMM invasion are associated with a high risk for lymph-node metastasis. EMR might be indicated for the treatment of patients with m3 or sm1 SECs without these characteristics.

Propofol with BIS monitoring improved recovery of patients after ESD, though this study was underpowered to prove the effectiveness and safety of propofol.