Risk of superficial squamous cell carcinoma developing in the head and neck region in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Abstract

Patients with ESCC, particularly drinkers, current smokers, and those with the ALDH2-2 allele and multiple LVLs, have an increased risk of superficial HNSCC.

Alcohol Drinking and Second Primary Cancer Risk in Patients with Upper Aerodigestive Tract Cancers: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies

“…Figure 3 shows no evidence of small-study bias as confirmed with the Egger test (P ¼ 0.44) and the Begg test (P ¼ 0.53). In the sensitivity analysis, excluding the study cumulating a very high reference category compared with other studies and the absence of criteria to define second primary cancers (20), similar results were observed. Overall, similar results were also obtained in subgroup meta-analyses conducted according to study design, geographic location (Europe or Asia), or second primary cancer site; with studies assessing alcohol consumption by interview or medical record; in studies comparing drinkers versus nondrinkers or different alcohol consumption levels; studies providing data adjusted on age, gender, smoking, occupation, or index tumor site, or not.…”

“…The highest category of alcohol intake in the studies ranged from drinker status to more than or equal to 170 grams per day. In most studies (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29), alcohol consumption was assessed after primary cancer diagnosis: before treatment in 3 studies (14-16), after treatment in 5 studies (11,22,(25)(26)(27), without information about treatment in 9 studies (12, 13, 19-21, 23, 24, 28, 29). Two studies did not specify when alcohol intake was assessed (17,18).…”

“…In the case of duplicate information, we used the publication providing the most adjusted risk estimation, up to date and complete data about second primary cancer sites, and defined alcohol consumption. Twenty potentially relevant full-text publications were identified (10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29). We excluded one duplicate publication, as confirmed by the authors (10).…”

“…Ten studies (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20), reporting 493 cases among 6,385 participants, were included in highest versus lowest analyses of alcohol drinking and UADT second primary cancer. Figure 2 shows the summary RRs for highest versus lowest alcohol intake: 2.97 (95% CI, 1.96-4.50; P ¼ 0.0001), with evidence of moderate heterogeneity (P ¼ 0.158; I 2 ¼ 31.3%).…”

Comparison of the Long-Term Outcomes of Endoscopic Resection for Superficial Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Adenocarcinoma of the Esophagus in Japan

“…LVLs, tumor location, and endoscopic morphology were recorded on endoscopic reports before endoscopic treatment in all cases. Multiple LVLs were defi ned as numerous, well-defi ned, irregularly shaped lesions that appeared throughout the entire esophageal mucosa aft er the application of Lugol dye solution ( 31 ). Concerning the determination of LVLs, for each patient, we recorded in a database more than 10 endoscopic photographs of the esophagus aft er instillation of iodine solution, which we reviewed to judge the grade of LVLs. "…”