Six kinds of lactic-acid forming bacteria were isolated from an environmental preservation material (Ehime AI) and fermented and matured sediment mud from Osaka Bay. Among these isolated bacteria, strain Ob from Osaka Bay showed the highest COD removal of sediment mud (30.4% reduction) after 4 weeks. Strain Aa from Ehime AI showed 13.8% COD removal as the highest active strain of lactic acid formation. High lactic-acid forming ability of bacteria was not correlated to high COD reduction. Strain Ob was identified as Paenibacillus motobuensis using genetic analysis.
Organic semiconductor nonvolatile memory devices were successfully fabricated from organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) embedded with nanocrystal carbon (nc-C) dots incorporating pentacene as an active layer. The nc-C dots were arranged in the channel region by a focused ion beam (FIB) technique using a precursor of low energy Ga + ions and a carbon source. The formation and morphology of nc-C dot arrays were investigated using a scanning ion microscopy (SIM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), respectively. The SIM and AFM images show that the nc-C dot array was successfully grown on the SiO2 layer. The density of the two-dimensional nc-C dots was 5 × 10 9 cm −2 . The current-voltage (I − V ) characteristics at room temperature show that the fabricated OTFTs exhibit a memory effect upon the application of forward and reverse bias. Under the effect of gate bias, on and off states were induced and a threshold voltage shift (∆V th = 0.23 V) was obtained. The charge carrier mobility (µ) of the OTFTs is similar in both on and off states. The memory effect was attributed to the nc-C dots in the pentacene-dielectric interface.
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