The entire chloroplast genome of the monocot rice (Oryza sativa) has been sequenced and comprises 134525 bp. Predicted genes have been identified along with open reading frames (ORFs) conserved between rice and the previously sequenced chloroplast genomes, a dicot, tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), and a liverwort (Marchantia polymorpha). The same complement of 30 tRNA and 4 rRNA genes has been conserved between rice and tobacco. Most ORFs extensively conserved between N. tabacum and M. polymorpha are also conserved intact in rice. However, several such ORFs are entirely absent in rice, or present only in severely truncated form. Structural changes are also apparent in the genome relative to tobacco. The inverted repeats, characteristic of chloroplast genome structure, have expanded outward to include several genes present only once per genome in tobacco and liverwort and the large single copy region has undergone a series of inversions which predate the divergence of the cereals. A chimeric tRNA pseudogene overlaps an apparent endpoint of the largest inversion, and a model invoking illegitimate recombination between tRNA genes is proposed which accounts simultaneously for the origin of this pseudogene, the large inversion and the creation of repeated sequences near the inversion endpoints.

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Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was isolated from young green leaves of rice plants. DNA fragments were cloned into lambda DNA, and clones that hybridized to mitochondrial genes from other plants were selected. Distal restriction fragments of these clones were used as probes for the selection of overlapping clones. A genetic map was finally created from the library by "walking" along the genome. The mitochondrial genome consists of five basic circles, with each circle sharing homologous sequences with one or two other circles. A master circle was constructed from the results of recombination across repeated sequences, and its size was estimated to be 492 kb. A physical map and a bank of overlapping clones were also constructed.

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We propose a novel 3D space representation for multi-view video, using epipolar plane depth images (EPDI). Multi-view video plus depth (MVD) is used as common data format for FTV(Free-viewpoint TV), which enables synthesizing virtual view images. Due to the large amount of data and complexity of the multi-view video coding (MVC), compression of MVD is a challenging issue. We address this problem and propose a new representation that is constructed from MVD using rayspace. MVD is converted into image and depth ray-spaces. The proposed representation is obtained by converting each of rayspaces into a global depth map and a global view using EPDI. Experiments demonstrate the analysis of this representation.