In recent cross-disciplinary studies involving both optics and computing, single-photon-based decision-making has been demonstrated by utilizing the wave-particle duality of light to solve multi-armed bandit problems. Furthermore, entangled-photon-based decision-making has managed to solve a competitive multi-armed bandit problem in such a way that conflicts of decisions among players are avoided while ensuring equality. However, as these studies are based on the polarization of light, the number of available choices is limited to two, corresponding to two orthogonal polarization states. Here we propose a scalable principle to solve competitive decision-making situations by using the orbital angular momentum of photons based on its high dimensionality, which theoretically allows an unlimited number of arms. Moreover, by extending the Hong-Ou-Mandel effect to more than two states, we theoretically establish an experimental configuration able to generate multi-photon states with orbital angular momentum and conditions that provide conflict-free selections at every turn. We numerically examine total rewards regarding three-armed bandit problems, for which the proposed strategy accomplishes almost the theoretical maximum, which is greater than a conventional mixed strategy intending to realize Nash equilibrium. This is thanks to the quantum interference effect that achieves no-conflict selections, even in the exploring phase to find the best arms.
A sound field control method for synthesizing a desired amplitude distribution inside a target region, amplitude matching, is proposed. In the conventional pressure matching, a desired sound field is set as a pressure distribution including amplitude and phase. In personal audio applications, it is sometimes not necessary to synthesize a specific phase distribution, but a certain acoustic power level should be controlled inside the target region. Since the optimization problem to achieve amplitude matching becomes nonlinear, there is no closed-form solution and numerical optimization algorithms are generally applied. We derive an efficient algorithm for the amplitude matching based on the majorization-minimization algorithm. Numerical experiments indicated that high control accuracy over the target region can be achieved with low computational cost by using the proposed algorithm.
Visualizing behavioral states of teams is useful when providing effective reflection on teamwork for team members, monitoring and intervening teams, and analyzing team processes for teamwork researchers. This paper aims to develop a method to visualize behavioral states in meeting settings. We assumed that team processes follow several periods where behavioral states are stable and tried to detect these periods by focusing on change of communication patterns and facial expression. Detailed methods of detection and subsequent visualization are provided. We then test our method by comparing visualized team states in an idea generation workshop with qualitative observation of its team process. The result shows our method can effectively express some team states and provides viewpoints for more rigid quantitative verification.
In recent cross-disciplinary studies involving both optics and computing, single-photon-based decision-making has been demonstrated by utilizing the wave-particle duality of light to solve multi-armed bandit problems. Furthermore, entangledphoton-based decision-making has managed to solve a competitive multi-armed bandit problem in such a way that conflicts of decisions among players are avoided while ensuring equality. However, as these studies are based on the polarization of light, the number of available choices is limited to two, corresponding to two orthogonal polarization states. Here we propose a scalable principle to solve competitive decision-making situations by using the orbital angular momentum as the tunable degree of freedom of photons, which theoretically allows an unlimited number of arms. Moreover, by extending the Hong-Ou-Mandel effect to more than two states, we theoretically establish an experimental configuration able to generate entangled photon states with orbital angular momentum and conditions that provide conflict-free selections at every turn. We numerically examine total rewards regarding three-armed bandit problems, for which the proposed strategy accomplishes almost the theoretical maximum, which is greater than a conventional mixed strategy intending to realize Nash equilibrium. This is thanks to the entanglement property that achieves no-conflict selections, even in the exploring phase to find the best arms.
Teamwork visualization is a promising method for improving situational awareness, enhancing teamwork reflexivity, monitoring and intervening teams, and analyzing team processes. This paper aims to introduce a new method of teamwork visualization specifically for team reflection. Our method detects a time span where the communication pattern is stable and visualizes time-to-time changes of communication pattern with related features over teamwork in a small group. We applied our method to the teamwork of four teams in an idea generation workshop and checked whether our visualization could visualize meaningful characteristics of teamwork in terms of within-team and between-team differences. We summarize the practical and theoretical contributions and limitations of our study.
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