Nasogastric tube syndrome (NGTS) is a rare but life-threatening complication associated with nasogastric tube (NGT) placement. The effect of the NGT size and type on the development of NGTS has not yet been fully elucidated. We herein report the case of a 77-year-old man with cerebral infarction who was complicated with NGTS. The immediate removal of the NGT improved the symptoms of NGTS. Although the NGT was passed through the same route during reinsertion, the use of a softer and smaller-sized NGT did not cause any NGTS recurrence. To prevent the development of NGTS, using a NGT that is appropriate for the patient's condition is important.
In this work we identified detailed features of anodal stimulation and potential influence on F-wave examinations. Muscle Nerve 56: 51-56, 2017.
Background The course of the corticobulbar tract (CBT) to the facial nucleus has been investigated by some previous studies. However, there are some unclear points of the course of the CBT to the facial nucleus. This study aimed to elucidate the detailed course of the CBT to the facial nucleus through the analysis of lateral medullary infarction (LMI) cases. Methods The neurological characteristics and magnetic resonance imaging findings of 33 consecutive patients with LMI were evaluated. The location of the lesions was classified rostro-caudally (upper, middle, or lower) and horizontally. Further, we compared the neurological characteristics between the groups with and without central facial paresis (FP). Results Eight (24%) patients with central FP ipsilateral to the lesion were identified. Dysphagia and hiccups were more frequently observed in the group with central FP than in the group without central FP. In patients with central FP, middle medullary lesions and those including the ventral part of the dorsolateral medulla were more frequently observed. Contrastingly, patients with lesions restricted to the lateral and dorsal regions of the dorsolateral medulla did not present with central FP. Conclusion The results of this study indicate that the CBT to the facial nucleus descends with the corticospinal tract at least to the middle portion of the medulla, and then ascends to the facial nucleus through the medial and ventral areas of the dorsolateral medulla after decussation.
We investigated the relation between PCR examination rate among population and the success of containment of COVID-19 for each country. Although there was moderate correlation, multiple regression revealed that the success of containment was solely explained by Gross Domestic Product per capita (GDP), which may well be related to the strict compliance to social distancing. Close inspection of individual countries supported this hypothesis. The social distancing must be the largest factor to achieve containment, and the contribution of broad PCR tests is small. : medRxiv preprint 3 Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is now a worldwide peril and its control is an emergent issue. Expansion of PCR tests is generally believed to be the most important key for containing the infection, 1 together with social distancing. However, the relation between examination rate and the success of containment has not been directly studied to our knowledge. We investigated this issue based on the open data at websites. 2,3The rate of PCR tests among population (named as Examination Rate; ER) was extracted from a website for countries having more than 1000 cases. 2 To evaluate the success of containment, the latest value of the new cases per 1 million population during 7 days in the trajectory analysis 3,4 was divided by its highest value, and was named as the Containment Ratio (CR). We postulated that strict compliance to social distancing is better achieved in advanced countries, and therefore Gross Domestic Product per capita (hereafter GDP) of each country was adopted as another predictor variable. Countries lacking some data were excluded. For instance, China was not included because ER is not known. The correlation between CR and ER/GDP was investigated by simple and multiple regressions/correlations. All statistical calculation was done using Microsoft Excel for Macintosh.Included were 90 countries. Individual countries are plotted in Figure 1 using logarithmic scales for every parameter. Notable countries are marked. As results, CR was negatively correlated both with ER (r = -0.423, p < 0.0001) and GDP (r = -0.483, p < 0.00001). In multiple regression, p-values of partial regression coefficients were 0.336 for ER and 0.009 for GDP, only the latter was significant. In other word, although CR was negatively correlated with ER, this was thought to be due to confounding effect with GDP (ER and GDP were highly correlated, r = 0.752). Accordingly, it is concluded that CR is explained by GDP alone.Close inspection of individual countries reveals several interesting facts. Countries with the three highest ER in the world are Iceland, UAE, and Bahrain. Iceland achieved world best All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission.
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