The authors conducted an investigation on shallow groundwater using natural radioisotopes as indicators in the small basin of the Hinuma River, Kasama City, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan.3H concentrations in the groundwater showed that it originated from precipitation in the 1960's .Since 222Rn concentrations decreased as groundwater flowed downstream, they were influenced by infiltration of surface water. Especially, during the irrigation period, the decrease of 222Rn concentrations was remarkable in the lowland. From the distribution of 222Rn concentrations in surface water, the sections where groundwater seeped into a river were found, and a quantitative analysis of groundwater seepage in the two sections was conducted on the basis of 222Rn concentrations in groundwater and in surface water. The ratios of groundwater seepage to the flow at the upstream station for the two sections were about 5% and 10%, respectively.The water movement within the basin, i.e., the actual manner in which surface water infiltrated underground and groundwater seeped into a river, was clarified by analyzing the variations of natural radioisotope concentrations in water and the water balance of the basin.
The manborn and carborn y-ray survey using a multichannel analyzer with NaI (Tl) scintillation detectors was carried out across the Atera active fault in Yamaguti Village, Nagano Prefecture.The manborn was investigated 880 m long along the Ohsawa River across the Atera Falts. The data of the fluctuation of 214Bi, 208Tl, 40K and ratios of those three radioactivity nuclides were compared with the degrees of fracture of outcrop rocks on the river-bed in order to evaluate the parameters for locating of buried faults. The carborn was carried out 50.1 km long through the Atera active fault to reveal the regional distribution of radioactive anomalies.The sharp anomalie of the fluctuation ratio which was a measured value to moving average of124Bi/208Tl, 214Bi/ 40K on the ground surface was appeared above fault gouge . From viewpoint of fault mapping the most important parameteres which can indicate location of fault are 214Bi/208Tl and 214Bi/40K. Corrections for elimination of Compton scatterring is found more effective to emphasize anomalies.In the area of granitic rocks, three geological settings of uranium anomaly are known : the fault zone, the boundary of host rocks of contact metamorphism and the roof pendant. The anomalies of 214Bi/208T1 fluctuation ratio in investigated area from carborn distinguish the fault zone from the boundary of host rocks of contact metamorphism.From analysis of the y-ray spectrometry around these anomalies, it was clarified that the anomalies of 214Bi/ 208Tl and 214Bi/40K around faults are due to a little increase of y-ray activities of 214Bi and decrease of 208Tl and 40K . On the other hand, the anomalies around the boundary of host rocks of contact metamorphism are due to only increase of 214Bi.
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