ABSTRACT:In a previous article, we reported on the ozone-gas treatment of wool and silk fabrics in relation to the gas-phase processing of textile fabrics. The treatment incorporated an oxygen element into the fiber surface and contributed to an increase in water penetration into the fabric. In this study, nylon 6 and polyester fabrics were treated with ozone gas in the same way as that of the wool and silk fabrics. The treatment incorporated much more oxygen into the fiber surface in the form of OCOH and OCOOH, as shown by electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis. Water penetration increased considerably with treatment, and the apparent dyeing rate and equilibrium dye uptake were also improved, especially for the polyester fabric, despite an increase in the crystallinity. Therefore, it seemed that the treatment brought about a change not only in the fiber surface but also in the internal structure of the fibers (the crystalline and amorphous regions) with regard to the dyeing behavior. Further, the mechanical characteristics of the ozone-gas-treated polyester and nylon 6 fabrics were measured with a Kawabata evaluation system apparatus. The shearing modulus and hysteresis widths increased with treatment, especially for the polyester fabric. Therefore, it was clear that the treatment caused a change in the fabric hand to crisp.
In previous papers, we reported that various cellulosic, wool and silk fabrics were treated with ammonia-gas with regard to the gas phase processing of the fabrics. In this paper, ozone-gas treatment of the wool and silk fabrics was carried out. The effect of the treatment on surface modification, dyeing property, wetting, and laundering shrinkage were evaluated. Although the physical surface was almost unchanged from the SEM observation, the O 1s intensity by the ESCA analysis of both fibers in relation to surface modification increased, especially for wool. As the results, wetting property was improved remarkably despite of no change of the moisture regain and water absorption. Nevertheless, laundering shrinkage decreased apparently. Furthermore, apparent dyeing rate was accelerated considerably for wool, whereas equilibrium dye uptake was almost unchanged by the treatment. Mechanical property of the wool fabric was almost no change by the ozone-gas treatment, while those of the silk fabric became a little crisp.
Silk fabric, Habutae, was treated with 100% ammonia-gas under atmospheric pressure and at pressures of 2, 4, and 6 kgf/cm 2 , and with liquid ammonia at Ϫ33°C. The effects of the treatment were investigated on the basis of the X-ray diffraction, DSC thermogram, moisture regain, water absorption, dyeing property, and mechanical property of the fabric. Crystallinity and equilibrium dye uptake were increased apparently by the liquid ammonia treatment, whereas effect of the ammonia-gas treatment was less than the liquid ammonia treatment. KES (Kawabata Evaluation System) shearing, bending, and tensile parameters were obtained. The modulus G, B, and hysteresis widths 2HG, 2HG5, and 2HB were decreased with the ammonia-gas treatment. On the contrary, the liquid ammonia treatment increased the parameters considerably. Therefore, it seemed that the ammonia-gas treatment is effective in enhancing the soft hand of the silk fabric.
Liquid ammonia is effective at improving the strength, shrink resistance, and hand of cotton fabric. In this study, we apply a liquid ammonia (NH3) treatment to three regenerated cellulosic fabrics—rayon taffeta, cupro taffeta, and polynosic broadcloth— and subsequently process these with hot water and dry heat. We investigate the effect of the processes on crystal form, crystallinity, moisture regain, water absorption, and dyeing properties. Also, the mechanical properties of the NH3-treated fabrics are measured in relation to fabric hand. The diffraction intensity profiles of the rayon taffeta are unchanged by the NH3 treatment and subsequent heat processing. The profile of cupro taffeta is not changed by the NH3 treatment, but it is transformed to cellulose IIIII by subsequent hot water and dry heat processes. On the other hand, although the profile of polynosic broadcloth is transformed to cellulose IIIII by the NH3 treatment, the profile is not changed by hot water and dry heat. Furthermore, fabric crystallinity decreases with the NH3 treatment and increases somewhat after the hot water and dry heat processes. Water absorption and equilibrium dye uptake decrease with the NH3 treatment. Excellent washing shrinkage resistance is obtained with the NH3 treatment. The shearing and bending parameters of the rayon and cupro fabrics decrease somewhat with the NH3 treatment, so this treatment of regenerated cellulosic fabrics is effective at improving hand as well as washing shrinkage.
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