ABSTRACT:A homologous series of the phthalocyanine-fullerene dyads, C n -PcM(OFbaC60) (n=6,8,10,12; M=Cu, Ni, Co: 3a~f), have been synthesized to obtain homeotropic alignment at rt and investigate the effects of spacer chain length (n=6,8,10,12) and central metal (M=Cu, Ni, Co) on the mesomorphism. Interestingly, the shorter-spacer-substituted (n=6, 8; M=Cu) dyads 3a,b showed a hexagonal columnar mesophase (Col h ), whereas the longer-spacer-substituted (n=10, 12; M=Cu, Ni, Co) dyads 3c~f showed a tetragonal columnar mesophase (Col tet ). Moreover, each of the homologues 3a~e shows perfect homeotropic alignment in both the Col h and Col tet mesophases at rt. More interestingly, these columnar mesophases gave a very unique XRD reflection peak denoted as Peak H in a very small angle region of 0.8 < 2< 2.0 degree. We have established at the first time from our developed two new XRD sample preparation techniques that the Peak H is due to the helical structure of fullerenes around columns formed by one-dimensionally stacked Pc cores. 1D nano array structure of donor and acceptor between two electrodes is recently proposed to obtain higher photoelectric conversion efficiency for organic thin film solar cells. This 1D nano array structure is almost compatible with the present homeotropically aligned Pc-C 60 dyads 3a~f between two glass plates. Hence, these novel Pc-C 60 dyads 3a~f may be very suitable to organic thin film solar cells.

ABSTRACT:In our previous work, we could successfully synthesize the 1:1 phthalocyanine-fullerene (Pc-C 60 ) dyads, (OFbaC 60 )PcCu(OCH 3 ) 2, in very high yields (81~96%) by using Prato reaction. In this study, we have Moreover, it is noteworthy that 3c and 3d show only one Col tet.o mesophase having ordered stacking distance with perfect homeotropic alignment. Such simple phase transition can contribute to maintain stable performance in wide temperature range, when they will be applied to organic thin film solar cells.

The purpose of this study was to set up standard on defensive game performance in baseball type game for junior high school students. To achieve the purpose, following task was set: Based on student's performance success rate, expected performance level in tentative standard was assessed. The participants (n=32) were first grade students in a junior high school. Students game performance in a 15 hours unit were taken by video camera, and their game performance were analyzed based on following categories; catching, throwing, and decision-making on throwing, and assessed from the following perspectives;