Background and Purpose-Recently, we reported a common genetic variant, ring finger protein 213 (RNF213) c.14576G>Avariant, a susceptibility gene for moyamoya disease (MMD), among patients with intracranial major artery stenosis/ occlusion (ICASO) in a selected Japanese population. The aim of this 2-center-based case-control study was to confirm our previous finding in a larger population. S.).The online-only Data Supplement is available with this article at http://stroke.ahajournals.org/lookup/suppl

Construction of an active composite with multicolor visible and broadband near-infrared luminescence is of great technological importance for various applications, including three-dimensional (3D) display, broadband telecommunication, and tunable lasers. The major challenge is the effective management of energy transfer between different dopants in composite. Here we present an in situ strategy for controlling energy transfer between multiple active centers via simultaneous tailoring of the evolution of phases and the distribution of dopants in the glassy phase. We show that the orderly precipitation of Ga(2)O(3) and LaF(3) nanocrystals and the selective incorporation of Ni(2+) and Er(3+) into them can be achieved. The obtained composite shows unique multicolor visible and broadband near-infrared emission. Possible mechanisms for the selective doping phenomenon are proposed, based on thorough structural and optical characterizations and crystal-field calculation results. Moreover, the strategy can be successfully extended to accomplish space-selective control of multicolor luminescence by employing the modulated stimulation field. The results suggest that the strategy could be applied to fabricate a multifunctional light source with a broad range of important host/activator combinations and to construct various types of three-dimensional active microstructures.

Upon DNA replication initiation in Escherichia coli, the initiator protein DnaA forms higher-order complexes with the chromosomal origin oriC and a DNA-bending protein IHF. Although tertiary structures of DnaA and IHF have previously been elucidated, dynamic structures of oriC-DnaA-IHF complexes remain unknown. Here, combining computer simulations with biochemical assays, we obtained models at almost-atomic resolution for the central part of the oriC-DnaA-IHF complex. This complex can be divided into three subcomplexes; the left and right subcomplexes include pentameric DnaA bound in a head-to-tail manner and the middle subcomplex contains only a single DnaA. In the left and right subcomplexes, DnaA ATPases associated with various cellular activities (AAA+) domain III formed helices with specific structural differences in interdomain orientations, provoking a bend in the bound DNA. In the left subcomplex a continuous DnaA chain exists, including insertion of IHF into the DNA looping, consistent with the DNA unwinding function of the complex. The intervening spaces in those subcomplexes are crucial for DNA unwinding and loading of DnaB helicases. Taken together, this model provides a reasonable near-atomic level structural solution of the initiation complex, including the dynamic conformations and spatial arrangements of DnaA subcomplexes.DnaA | molecular simulation | coarse-grained model | oriC C hromosomal DNA replication is initiated by unwinding the dsDNA of the replication origin, which requires formation of higher-order protein-DNA complexes, typically referred to as the initiation complexes (1). DnaA is a major replication initiation protein conserved in the initiation complex of most eubacterial species. In a model organism, Escherichia coli, DnaA forms homooligomers on the replication origin oriC, which promotes dsDNA unwinding. The resulting ssDNA is captured by DnaB helicase, followed by formation of the replisomes (2-5). Molecular mechanisms of how DnaA facilitates dsDNA unwinding are still unclear, although some models have been proposed (1, 6-10). A high-resolution structure model of the initiation complex, discovered using computational modeling based on experimental data, would provide significant insight into the molecular mechanism.The E. coli minimal oriC region contains the AT-rich DNA unwinding element (DUE), at least 11 DnaA-binding motifs (termed DnaA boxes) and a single binding site for the integration host factor (IHF) (Fig. 1A) (1-5, 11-15). The DnaA boxes contain 9-mer nucleotides (consensus sequence TTATNCACA, where N can be any base) (16). The 11 DnaA boxes (R1-2, R4, R5M, I1-3, C1-3, and τ2) have differing affinities to DnaA and motif orientations (indicated by triangles in Fig. 1A): The two terminal boxes R1 and R4 have especially high affinities (dissociation constants 1-6 nM for R1 and ∼1 nM for R4), whereas others have modest (R2) to low affinities (I1-3, C1-3, and R5M and τ2; dissociation constants for R5M are >200 nM) (12-19). The 11 DnaA boxes have been divided into two groups...

Human erythrocyte protein phosphatase 2A, which comprises a 34-kDa catalytic C subunit, a 63-kDa regulatory A subunit and a 74-kDa regulatory BQ (N N) subunit, was phosphorylated at serine residues of BQ in vitro by cAMP-dependent protein kinase (A-kinase). In the presence and absence of 0.5 W WM okadaic acid (OA), A-kinase gave maximal incorporation of 1.7 and 1.0 mol of phosphate per mol of BQ, respectively. The K m value of A-kinase for CABQ was 0.17 þ 0.01 W WM in the presence of OA. The major in vitro phosphorylation sites of BQ were identified as Ser-60, -75 and -573 in the presence of OA, and Ser-75 and -573 in the absence of OA. Phosphorylation of BQ did not dissociate BQ from CA, and stimulated the molecular activity of CABQ toward phosphorylated H1 and H2B histones, 3.8-and 1.4-fold, respectively, but not toward phosphorylase a.z 1998 Federation of European Biochemical Societies.

Accumulation of thermal energies by highly repeated irradiation of femtosecond laser pulses inside a glass induces the heat-modification whose volume is much larger than that of the photoexcited region. It has been proposed that the heat-modification occurs in the region in which the temperature had overcome a threshold temperature during exposure of laser pulses. In order to understand the mechanism of the heat-modification, we investigated the temperature distribution during laser exposure and the threshold temperature by analyzing the volume of the modification based on a thermal diffusion model. We found that the threshold temperature becomes lower with increasing laser exposure time. The dependence of the threshold temperature on the laser exposure time was explained by the deformation mechanism based on the temperature-dependent viscosity and viscoelastic behavior of a glass under a stress loading by thermal expansion. The deformation mechanism also could simulate a tear-drop shape of a heat-modification by simultaneous double-beams' irradiation and the distribution of birefringence in a heat-modification. The mechanism proposed in this study means that the temperature-dependence of the viscosity of a glass should be essential for predicting and controlling the heat-modification.

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Heat accumulation by high repetition rate femtosecond laser irradiation inside glass generates a much larger modification than that by a single pulse. In this study, we determined the temperature distribution due to heat accumulation and the characteristic temperature for heat modification inside a soda lime glass by analyzing the relationship between the radius of modification and glass temperature. The validity of the analysis was confirmed by reproducing the modification due to two-beam irradiation. The determined characteristic temperature suggested that the temperature distribution and the spatial dependence of the stress relaxation are important in the mechanism of heat modification.

We report micromodification of Eu element distribution in a silicate glass with femtosecond laser irradiation. Elemental analysis shows that the content of Eu decreased at the focal point and increased in a ringshaped region around the focal point, which indicates migration of Eu ions has been induced by the femtosecond laser irradiation. Confocal fluorescence spectra demonstrate that the fluorescence intensity of Eu 3+ ions increased by 20% in the laser-induced, Eu-enriched, ring-shaped region compared with that for nonirradiated glass. The mechanism for the laser induced change in fluorescence properties of Eu 3+ has been investigated. © 2009 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: 160.5690, 160.2750 Femtosecond laser microprocessing of transparent materials has been extensively used to fabricate various photonic structures [1][2][3]. In recent years, highrepetition-rate femtosecond laser micromachining has attracted much interest owing to its unique advantage over the low repetition rate one in materials processing [4][5][6][7]. Generally, a pronounced heat accumulation effect would occur around the laser focal spot by using high-repetition-rate laser pulses, and a thermally driven chemical change could be locally induced inside the bulk transparent materials. Additionally, owing to the relatively low energy (approximately nanojoules) of a single laser pulse, a laserinduced breakdown producing unwanted microcracks could be avoided during microprocessing. So it is desirable to use a high-repetition-rate femtosecond laser for direct writing waveguides with low loss and precipitating optical functional crystals inside glasses [6,7]. Recently, it has been reported that after highrepetition-rate femtosecond laser irradiation, glass network modifiers such as alkaline ions and alkaline earth ions would migrate away from the laser focal region in glasses, which is of both theoretical and practical interest as a new discovery in the field of ultrafast pulsed laser-matter interactions [8,9]. Additionally, the coordination state change of some ions could also be induced by femtosecond laser irradiation in glasses [8,10]. For many optical applications, it is useful to develop a technique for micromodification of fluorescence properties in glass via a femtosecond-laser-induced elemental distribution change combined with the environmental change of fluorescent ions doped in glass. Rare-earth-ion-doped glasses, typically used as gain media for a solid-state laser, possess eminent fluorescence properties. It is worth studying the change in fluorescence properties owing to elemental distribution and structural changes in the rare-earth-ion-doped glass induced by femtosecond laser irradiation. In this Letter, we successfully apply the femtosecond-laser-induced migration of ions technique to the micromodification of fluorescence properties of a Eu 3+ -doped silicate glass. A glass with the composition of 20Na 2 O -10CaO -70SiO 2 -4Eu 2 O 3 (mol.%) was prepared for the study by a standard melting technique. Details of the glass ...