This study examined the relationships between posttraumatic growth (PTG) and posttraumatic depreciation (PTD) across 10 countries and assessed the factorial invariance of the standardized inventory assessing PTG and PTD, the PTGDI-X, the expansion of the PTGI-X (Tedeschi et al., 2017). We also investigated the roles of social and cognitive factors in PTG and PTD. Data were collected from participants who identified that their most stressful life experience met the definition of trauma in Australia,

Cancer, its therapy, and related adverse effects have been associated with reduced work performance, including absenteeism (i.e. absence from scheduled work due to health problems) and presenteeism (i.e. impaired on-the-job performance due to health problems) among cancer survivors. This review aimed to compare the work performance of employed cancer survivors with that of cancer-free controls, and to examine factors related to the impairment of work performance. The findings from this review could bring about suggestions for clinical interventions aimed at improving survivors' work performance. Literature searches on cancer survivors' work performance were conducted in three electronic databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL and PsycINFO). Twenty-six studies were identified. Most studies comprised survivors of breast, prostate, testicular and gastrointestinal cancer. Although survivors diagnosed within 5 years reported more absenteeism than did controls in the studies, there was no difference between controls and survivors diagnosed >5 years earlier. Survivors diagnosed within 5 years also reported more presenteeism than did controls. Many studies reported that the complications related to cancer and its therapy (e.g. fatigue and depression) were associated with presenteeism. A multifaceted intervention for the various factors identified in this review would contribute towards improved work performance among employed cancer survivors.

The multidisciplinary team consisting of the children with cancer, their families, doctors, nurses and teachers in the local school need to communicate with peers regarding positive experiences of fighting, and overcoming, severe disease.

Aim The present study aimed to examine the associations among behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) of persons with dementia (PWD), care burden and family‐to‐work conflict (FWC) of employed family caregivers. Method A cross‐sectional study was carried out with employed adult daughter or son (or in‐law) caregivers for PWD from two rural cities in Japan. FWC, care burden and the degree of BPSD were evaluated by the Survey Work‐Home Interaction‐NijmeGen, Zarit Burden Scale‐Short Version and Dementia Behavior Disturbance Scale, respectively. Of the 200 questionnaires distributed, 130 were returned. A total of 53 respondents were not employed, and seven questionnaires had missing data for demographic variables, Survey Work‐Home Interaction‐NijmeGen, Zarit Burden Scale‐Short Version or Dementia Behavior Disturbance Scale. Thus, complete data from 70 respondents were analyzed through structural equation modeling. Results The mean age of employed family caregivers was 56 years, and 34 (48.5%) were men. The mean age of PWD was 84 years, and there were 68 (68.6%) men. The path model with a good fit was shown (root mean square error of approximation 0.136, comparative fit index 0.960 and goodness of fit index 0.965). The path model showed that BPSD affected FWC, and that the association was partially mediated by care burden. Conclusions The results show that a decrease in not only care burden, but also BPSD, of PWD is important for employed family caregivers to reduce their FWC and maintain their work–life balance. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 51–55.

Background: Experiences of childhood cancer and physical late effects can potentially increase various components of worries about employment among unemployed adult survivors of childhood cancer, but the nature of these effects on worries is unknown. Aims:This study aimed to describe worries about employment among unemployed adult survivors of childhood cancer through a comparison with those among the unemployed general population and to clarify the components of worries about employment affected by physical late effects. Method and results: Worries about employment were assessed using nine items in the International Survey of Youth Attitude conducted by the Japanese Cabinet Office. Physical late effects among unemployed survivors were evaluated by their attending physicians. Data from the unemployed general population were extracted from the International Survey of Youth Attitude. We used propensity score and multiple regression analysis to estimate the impact of childhood cancer and physical late effects on worries about employment. We surveyed 48 unemployed survivors and 286 members of the unemployed general population. Unemployed survivors reported significantly higher score of worries about health and physical well-being than did the unemployed general population (Cohen's f 2 = 0.007). Meanwhile, unemployed survivors reported significantly lower scores of worries about work ability, interpersonal relationships at workplaces, age until which they can work, layoffs, income, job transfers, and possibility and continuity of employment than did the unemployed general population (Cohen's f 2 = 0.002-0.018). Unemployed survivors with physical late effects reported significantly higher scores on all components of worries about employment than did those without physical late effects (Cohen's f 2 = 0.137-1.304). Conclusion: Physical late effects rather than experiences of childhood cancer have large impacts on various worries about employment among unemployed survivors. It would be valuable to understand and assess systematically the impact of physical late effects on employment in unemployed survivors.

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Purposes: To determine the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) during induction therapy, clarify the agreement between child self-reported and family proxy-reported HRQOL, and examine the related factors of HRQOL, especially child age, family attendance, and children's social relationships outside of the family. Methods: We analyzed questionnaire data (2012-2017) from the Japanese Pediatric Leukemia/Lymphoma Study Group's ALL-B12. Participants were children with B-cell Precursor ALL aged 5-18 and their families. Participants answered the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory TM (PedsQL TM ) Generic Core Scales (PedsQL-G) andCancer Module (PedsQL-C) to measure pediatric HRQOL. We calculated the differences between child self-reported and family proxy-reported subscale scores along with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). We conducted multiple regression analyses according to all participant pairs and age groups (young child, school age and adolescent), with ICCs for all PedsQL-G subscales (ICC-G) and all PedsQL-C subscales (ICC-C) as the outcome variables. Results: Five hundred twenty-two pairs of children and their families were analyzed. We observed a moderate level of agreement on most PedsQL subscales between the child self-reports and family proxy-reports; however, worry had the weakest agreement for all PedsQL subscales (ICC = .32). The agreement of ICC-C was positively related to family attendance for the young child group ( B = .185, p = .003). Conclusion: We observed some differences between child self-reports and family proxy-reports of HRQOL of children with ALL, suggesting that both parties should be administered HRQOL measurements during treatment.

Background: This study aims at determining the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) after the induction therapy, assessing the agreement between child self-reports and family proxy-reports HRQOL, and determining the factors related to this agreement, especially child age, family attendance, and children's social relationships beyond the family. Methods: We analyzed questionnaire data (2012-2017) from the Japanese Pediatric Leukemia/Lymphoma Study Group's clinical study (ALL-B12). Participants were children with B-cell precursor ALL aged 5-18 and their family members, who mostly took care of the child during hospitalization. Participants answered the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ (PedsQL™) Generic Core Scales (PedsQL-G), and Cancer Module (PedsQL-C) to measure pediatric HRQOL. We calculated the differences between child self-reported and family proxy-reported subscale scores along with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). We conducted multiple regression analyses according to all participant pairs and age groups (young children, school age, and adolescents), with ICCs for all PedsQL-G subscales (ICC-G) and all PedsQL-C subscales (ICC-C) as the outcome variables. Results: Five hundred twenty-two pairs of children and their families were analyzed. We observed a moderate level of agreement on most PedsQL subscales between child self-reports and family proxy-reports; however, worry had the weakest agreement for all PedsQL subscales (ICC = .32, 95% confidence interval = .24-.40). The agreement of ICC-C was positively related to family attendance in the hospitalization, only for the young children group (B = .185, p = .003).